If social learning is more efficient than independent individual exploration, animals should learn vital cultural skills exclusively, and routine skills faster, through social learning, provided they actually use social learning preferentially. Animals with opportunities for social learning indeed do so. Moreover, more frequent opportunities for social learning should boost an individual's repe...

This paper deals with differences in social motives between cultures and with respect to their development. First, social motives are described as complex functional systems. Then aggressiveness and achievement motivation are dealt with as examples. Assumptions about biological factors are discussed and cultural differences are reported. Based on cross-cultural research, variations in early mot...

In recent decades, the concept of ‘culture’ has had a strangely bifurcated history. 1 The critique implicit in Said’s questions has been deeply influential, especially in social anthropology, for which ‘culture’ was the single most central concept. By 1996, an encyclopaedia of the discipline talked of the possibility of ‘abandon[ing] talk of different “cultures” altogether, because of its taint...

Leadership is commonly seen as an important variable affecting organizational performance. While the concept has been extensively studied, there is still much to be discovered regarding how leadership affects variables such as organizational culture, climate, and performance. Most of the research on leadership has been in for-profit organizations. While research on leadership in human services ...

Psychological anthropology has a long history of integrative, crossdisciplinary research within the social sciences. This holistic tradition has substantially contributed to understanding the relationships between individuals and their cultural environment and to developing more sophisticated models of human variation within and between cultures. Whereas these contributions have generally arise...

language must be studied as a social behavior and the aim of language instruction must be to facilitate learners’ acquisition of communicative competence; the ability to speak both accurately and appropriately. rules of speaking must be included into second language classroom teaching. we should teach linguistic rules along with social rules. in this study a number of social functions in persia...

   Transmission era from tradition to modernity has been accompanied by cultural, economic, social and political changes. Rapid Social and Cultural changes of recent decades in developing countries, including Iran, have affected the Social and Cultural Values of Parents and children and have caused what is named as “Generation Gap”. The purpose of this paper is to designate the relationship bet...

Identity is seen as a cultural and social construct, which indicates how we have been embodied and how we might represent ourselves. The knowledge that identities are the outputs of discourses is a familiar characteristic of some societal concepts. Gender, as an identity or a sense of our identity we build for ourselves, rather than something we are born with, is a constructed cultural category...

PURPOSE This article focuses on how visiting contemporary art galleries and discussing the artwork in facilitated focus groups affected culturally inactive participants' social and cultural capital. The research is taken from a larger study that explored the contribution that visiting contemporary art galleries made to the well-being of people aged 64 and older. DESIGN AND METHODS A total of ...