Examination of mood and behaviour changes after frontal damage may contribute to understanding the functional role of distinct prefrontal areas in depression and anxiety. Depression and anxiety disorders, symptoms, and behaviour were compared in eight patients with single lateral and eight patients with single medial frontal lesions matched for age, sex, race, education, socioeconomic status, s...

BACKGROUND Apathy is a common and problematic symptom of several neurodegenerative illnesses, but its neuroanatomical bases are not understood. OBJECTIVE To determine the regions associated with apathy in subjects with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) using a method that accounts for the significant co-linearity of regional atrophy and neuropsychiatric symptoms. METHODS We identified 57 subjec...

Apathy, defined as a reduction in voluntary goal-directed behaviors, is one of the most common behavioral symptoms encountered in Alzheimer disease (AD). However, the processes underlying the different components of apathy are still unclear. The aim of this study was to explore a particularly important aspect of executive function in daily life: multitasking [assessed with the Modified Six Elem...

A number of biological markers have been implicated in late life depression with inconsistent results. The present study examined the relationship between several serum based biomarkers and symptoms of depression in a sample of elderly women with AD or cognitively intact. Methods 171 females (58 with AD and 113 cognitively intact) were recruited from the Longitudinal Research Cohort of the Texa...

INTRODUCTION Apathy is a behavioural syndrome due to dysfunction of the process that gives rise to actions induced by external or personal stimuli. Apathy is very common in Parkinson's disease, with a prevalence that ranges between 16-48%. Three subtypes of apathy are currently accepted, which are anatomically and functionally different: cognitive, emotional and due to a deficit in auto-activat...

This paper provides a formal characterization of the process of rational learning in social networks. A finite set of agents select an option out of a choice set under uncertainty in infinitely many periods observing the history of choices of their neighbors. Choices are made based on a common behavioral rule. We find that if learning ends in finite time and the choice correspondence is union c...

social and cultural harms of female students such as abnormal behavior, less useful leisure, identity confusion, drug use, sex crimes, political apathy or aggression, etc. can be observed among university students which are generally caused by external factors. studies in this field are few especially for female students. subjects are also non-functional and the results are unclear and they are...