نتایج جستجو برای: smoking duration
تعداد نتایج: 292895 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is a well-established risk factor of pancreatic cancer (PC). Although an association between nicotine dependence phenotype, namely time to first cigarette (TTFC) after waking, and the risk of several smoking-related cancers has been reported, an association between TTFC and PC risk has not been reported. We assessed the impact of smoking behavior, particularly TTFC,...
Data from a hospital based case-control study of lung cancer in Western Europe were used to examine changes in the risk of developing lung cancer after changes in habits of cigarette smoking. Only data for subjects who had smoked regularly at some time in their lives were included. The large size of the study population (7181 patients and 11 006 controls) permitted precise estimates of the effe...
INTRODUCTION Waterpipe tobacco smoking involves self-administration of the dependence-producing drug nicotine. Few studies have examined if dependence in waterpipe smokers influences toxicant exposure and smoking behavior. METHOD Current waterpipe tobacco smokers were categorized based on Lebanese Waterpipe Dependence Scale-11 (LWDS-11) score (LWDS-11: LOW < 7; N = 59; HIGH > 13; N = 59). Par...
Methods: The study population consisted of cases who applied to smoking cessation clinic between April-December 2014. The duration of smoking (pack-years), pulmonary function tests (PFT) and end-expiratory carbonmonoxide (CO) were noted at first visit. The cases were questioned for last time of smoking and amount of cigarettes they smoked within past 12 hours. Pearson correlation test was used ...
BACKGROUND Previous studies that showed an association between smoking and adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction were limited in their ability to assess differences by tumor site, sex, dose-response, and duration of cigarette smoking cessation. METHODS We used primary data from 10 population-based case-control studies and two cohort studies from the Barrett's Esophagus...
INTRODUCTION Aortic elastic properties are markers and prognosticators of cardiovascular risk. Smoking adversely affects arterial elastic properties. The acute and chronic effect of cigarette smoking on the elastic properties of the ascending aorta has not been determined. METHODS The chronic part of the study included 130 healthy male subjects (age 38.1+/-8.9 years, 85 smokers and 45 non-smo...
OBJECTIVES To examine changes in the prevalence of smoking in young adult diabetic patients between 1990 and 1999. SETTING Walton Diabetes Centre, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, UK. DESIGN Direct questioning as well as the urinary cotinine:creatinine ratio were used to assess the smoking habits of 99 young type 1 diabetic patients in 1991 (mean age 21.5 years, duration of diabetes ...
Abstract Smoking is a chronic disease with recurring character, one of the oldest habits on globe but also problem modern society, which kills more than 8 million people each year. More 50% those deaths are result direct tobacco use, while around 1.2 non-smokers being exposed to second-hand smoke (1) . Nicotine addiction must be seen as disease, numerous periods relapse and remission, mandatory...
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with airway inflammation. Although smoking cessation improves symptoms and the decline in lung function in COPD, it is unknown whether bronchial inflammation in patients with established COPD varies with the duration of smoking cessation. METHODS 114 patients (99 men) with COPD of mean (SD) age 62 (8) years, a median (IQR) ...
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