Biofilm formed on carbon steel by various species of bacterial cells causes serious problems such as corrosion of steel, choking of flow in the pipe, deterioration of the heat-transfer efficiency, and so on. Cathodic protection is known to be a reliable method for protecting carbon steel from corrosion. However, the initial attachment of bacteria to the surface and the effects of cathodic prote...

in this work, polypyrrole/ceo2 nanocomposite (nc) was synthesized in the presence of methylorange as a reactive self-degraded soft template. the field emission scanning electron microscopy(fesem) images indicate that the ceo2 nps have a nucleus effect and cause a homogenous ppycore–shell type morphology with an encapsulation of the ceo2 core by the ppy shell. the effect ofnc on acrylic waterbor...

Smart Grid solutions are being rolled out at large scale these days. While security concerns are addressed on various levels and sophisticated technical measures applied, privacy issues are still not fully understood yet. The generation of high-frequency meter readings exposes customers to new threats. Various politic initiatives thus aim towards a strong regulatory framework to enable an appro...

Results obtained to date under this program have shown that many of the new, currently available, less polluting corrosion-protection systems are viable alternatives to currently used more polluting systems. Selection of a specific system for use in a given application would depend on the corrosion-protection requirements for theproduct being manufactured. Many of the systems selected for final...

Corrosion is one of the major problems in the oil and gas industry is one that automatically allocates huge sums annually. Polyurethane is a thermoses polymer with various applications. Using form this polymer has spread for military applications by Otto Bayer in 1930. In one general look polyurethane is product of Iso Syanate and ploy with each other, So that: Iso + ploy = polyurethane. Spend ...

The occurrence of galvanic corrosion on compound semiconductor substrates with exposed metal has been observed as deleterious device effects. Noble metals, e.g. gold, platinum, etc., in contact with exposed GaAs can induce undesired galvanic etching during wet process steps and result in surface irregularities that adversely affect yield. This phenomenon can occur when stripping photoresist usi...

4.18.1 Historical Background 2747 4.18.2 Electrochemical Principles 2748 4.18.2.1 Aqueous Corrosion 2748 4.18.2.2 Cathodic Protection 2748 4.18.2.3 Oxygen Reduction 2749 4.18.2.4 Hydrogen Evolution 2750 4.18.3 Methods of Applying Cathodic Protection 2751 4.18.3.1 Impressed Current Method 2751 4.18.3.2 Sacrificial Anodes 2752 4.18.4 Proof of Protection 2753 4.18.4.1 Steel 2753 4.18.4.2 Other Met...

The idea of smart inhibitors is based on the principle that an inhibitor is used where needed. This will reduce the use of inhibitors and protect materials in hostile environments. On the other hand, direct addition of the inhibitor within the coating can be harmful, resulting in the loss of inhibitors ability, deterioration in the coating or both of them. An appropriate method for solving thes...