small diameter timbers have many used in wood and paper industries such as veneer and plywood, furniture industry, wood working and their particle for papermaking and particleboard. diameter of small diameter poplar is between 15 to 35 cm and poplar trees are planted in excess of 23 provinces of iran. small diameter poplar are visual graded to lumber of sawmill. since, small diameter poplars ar...

BACKGROUND If it is possible, endoscopic decompression for acute left-sided colorectal obstruction will be effective in critically ill patients. This study was to evaluate the techniques and outcomes of transanal drainage tube placement following urgent colonoscopy in management of acute left-sided colorectal obstruction. METHODS From January 2000 to December 2009, 69 consecutive patients (36...

Several studies suggest that some bark beetle like to attack large trees. The invasive red turpentine beetle (RTB), Dendroctonus valens LeConte, one of the most destructive forest pests in China, is known to exhibit this behavior. Our previous study demonstrated that RTBs preferred to attack large-diameter trees (diameter at breast height, DBH ≥30 cm) over small-diameter trees (DBH ≤10 cm) in t...

Molecular dynamics simulations were performed, in the physiological condition (300 K and 1 atm), on nanotube segments of various diameters submerged in water. The results show that water molecules can exist inside the nanotube segments, and,most importantly, the water molecules inside the tubes tend to organize themselves into a highly hydrogenbonded network, i.e., solid-like wrapped-around ice...

We develop an analytical and quantitative theory of the tube model concept for entangled networks of semiflexible polymers. The absolute value of the tube diameter L perpendicular is derived as a function of the polymers' persistence length lp and mesh size xi of the network. To leading order, we find L perpendicular = 0.31xi 6/5 lp (-1/5) , which is consistent with known asymptotic scaling law...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Complete endotracheal tube obstruction is a medical emergency, and partial occlusion causes increased breathing rates and failure to wean off mechanical ventilation. Partial occlusion may be underestimated due to the lack of proper detection methods. We tested whether the sound of an endotracheal tube could be used to detect an endotracheal tube obstruction using an in vitro mod...

The hydrogen-rich gas produced in-situ by methanol steam reforming (MSR) reactions significantly affects the performance and endurance of high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane (HT-PEM) fuel cell stack. A numerical study MSR over a commercial CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst coupling with heat mass transfer phenomena in co-current packed-bed reactor is conducted. simulation results 1D 2D pseudo-ho...

Abstract—Rotary draw bending is a method which is being used in tube forming. In the tube bending process, the neutral axis moves towards the inner arc and the wall thickness distribution changes for tube’s cross section. Thinning takes place in the outer arc of the tube (extrados) due to the stretching of the material, whereas thickening occurs in the inner arc of the tube (intrados) due to th...

The condensation heat transfer coefficient of R134a was experimentally studied inside two smooth and four micro-fin tubes. The working conditions and structural parameters of the test tubes were selected as the influencing factors, and the experiment was conducted under mass velocities of 400–1100 kg·m−2·s−1, condensation temperatures of 35–45 ◦C and water-testing Reynolds numbers of 8000–22,00...

Floral traits have largely been attributed to phenotypic selection in plant-pollinator interactions. However, the strength of this link has rarely been ascertained with real pollinators. We conducted pollinator observations and estimated selection through female fitness on flowering phenology and floral traits between two Primula secundiflora populations. We quantified pollinator-mediated selec...