In primary effluent filtration (PEF), primary effluent is treated to reduce TSS, BOD, or other contaminants without resorting to secondary treatment in trickling filters or activated sludge basins. If PEF can meet the effluent quality requirements applicable to a wastewater stream, substantial cost reductions can be realized by using PEF instead of secondary treatment. In other instances, PEF c...

Using experimental data obtained from in vitro bioaugmentation studies of a sand filter community of 13 bacterial species, we develop an individual-based model representing the in silico counterpart of this synthetic microbial community. We assess the inter-species interactions, first by identifying strain identity effects in the data then by synthesizing these effects into a competition struct...

A new concept for household and large-scale safe drinking water production is presented. Raw water is successively filtered through a series of sand and iron filters. Sand filters mostly remove suspended particles (media filtration) and iron filters remove anions, cations, micropollutants, natural organic matter, and micro-organisms including pathogens (reactive filtration). Accordingly, treatm...

The deposition of the instantaneously released sediment into a gravel matrix and the hydraulic resistance induced by the rapid siltation are investigated herein. The experimental results reveal that the depositional patterns of the sediment are governed by the gravel-sediment size ratio, the amount of sediment released, and the seepage flowrate. The observations also indicate that the stable st...