We investigate the performance of the Structured Language Model (SLM) in terms of perplexity (PPL) when its components are modeled by connectionist models. The connectionist models use a distributed representation of the items in the history and make much better use of contexts than currently used interpolated or back-off models, not only because of the inherent capability of the connectionist ...

This paper presents a selected-mapping (SLM) based peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction technique for the interleaved single carrier frequency division multiple access (IFDMA) uplink system. The SLM is a distortionless technique as it selects the transmit signal with low PAPR from a set of alternative signals representing the same information. Extensive matlab simulations have been carr...

Selected Mapping (SLM) is a PAPR reduction technique, which converts the OFDM signal into several independent signals by multiplication with the phase sequence set and transmits one of the signals with lowest PAPR. But it requires the index of the selected signal i.e. side information (SI) to be transmitted with each OFDM symbol. The PAPR reduction capability of the SLM scheme depends on the se...

Computational ghost imaging (CGI) achieves single-pixel imaging by using a Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) to generate structured illuminations for spatially resolved information encoding. The imaging speed of CGI is limited by the modulation frequency of available SLMs, and sets back its practical applications. This paper proposes to bypass this limitation by trading off SLM's redundant spatial ...

This paper presents a unified approach to Chinese statistical language modeling (SLM). Applying SLM techniques like trigrams to Chinese is challenging because (1) there is no standard definition of words in Chinese, (2) word boundaries are not marked by spaces, and (3) there is a dearth of training data. Our unified approach automatically and consistently gathers a highquality training data set...

Single longitudinal mode (SLM) erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser operation using a commercialized ultra-narrow bandwidth optical filter has been studied. A two-meter long EDF with an absorption coefficient of 24 dBm at the pump wavelength is used as gain medium. The ultra-narrow tunable filter is used for selection of a single longitudinal mode from the available spectrum of multiple modes, which ...

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is an efficient method of data transmission. It is a base for high speed communication systems. The main drawback of OFDM system is that it suffers from high Peak – to – Average Power Ratio (PAPR). Due to high PAPR there is inefficient use of high power amplifier and this could limit transmission efficiency. OFDM consist of large number of indep...

Detailed procedures for the modeling of synthesis load models (SLM) of actual power network are presented, then the classification indices based on 1oad characteristics and the principle of load classification are expounded. Based on the results of general investigation of 220 kV and 330 kV substations in China’s power grid, the load characteristics are classified, and detailed load characteris...

We present a performance analysis of two architectures for Internet host mobility management, namely, Mobile IP and Session Layer Mobility Management (SLM). The Mobile IP architecture is designed with the principle that the fixed Internet hosts should remain unmodified while only the underlying IP routing infrastructure should change. By contrast, SLM requires no changes to the existing IP infr...

We present experimental evidence that providing naive users of a spoken dialogue system with immediate help messages related to their out-of-coverage utterances improves their success in using the system. A grammar-based recognizer and a Statistical Language Model (SLM) recognizer are run simultaneously. If the grammar-based recognizer suceeds, the less accurate SLM recognizer hypothesis is not...