IT IS NOW well-known that sleep disturbances are highly prevalent during alcohol abuse and dependence. These sleep disturbances persist well into the period of abstinence and may be associated with relapse (for review, see Brower, 2015). Over at least the last 4 decades (Wagman and Allen, 1975), researchers have been exploring how withdrawal from alcohol affects sleep by examining electrophysio...

Ghrelin, an endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, has been shown to promote slow-wave sleep (SWS, non-REM sleep stages 3 and 4). Plasma levels of ghrelin are dependent on food intake and increase in sleeping subjects during the early part of the night. It is unknown whether sleep itself affects ghrelin levels or whether circadian networks are involved. Therefore, we stu...

Early (up to 5 h) and late (up to 65 days) effects of kainic acid (KA) injected into raphe dorsal nucleus (NRD) at two doses, 4 and 12 nmol, on waking-sleep stages in cats were studied. Slow-wave sleep (SWS-1 and SWS-2) and rapid eye movement sleep (REM) were strongly reduced or even completely suppressed, while waking stage, especially quiet waking stage (W-2), was significantly increased duri...

OBJECTIVE To prospectively evaluate the efficacy of the mandibular advancement device (MAD) Somnoguard in the treatment of OSA patients. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING Forty-four patients with OSA and noncompliant to continuous positive airway pressure were enrolled in this case series. Somnoguard is made of thermoplastic material. Direct intraoral fitting was done by an otorhinolaryngologist. Poly...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Periodic limb movements (PLM) during sleep (PLMS) are associated with cortical and cardiovascular activation. Changes in cerebral hemodynamics caused by cortical activity can be measured using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). We investigated oscillatory components of cerebral hemodynamics during PLM and different sleep stages in restless legs syndrome (RLS) patients wit...

This report comprises two goals. The first goal is to investigate to what extent cardiorespiratory activity can provide information about sleep stages; the second goal is the analysis of overnight sleep with respect to finer micro-stages compared with the current definition of sleep stages. To extract information regarding sleep stages from respiratory effort and cardiac activity, we use autore...

Objective: Measurements of heart rate variability (HRV) during sleep have become increasingly popular as sleep could provide an optimal state for HRV assessments. While sleep stages have been reported to affect HRV, the effect of sleep stages on the variance of HRV parameters were hardly investigated. We aimed to assess the variance of HRV parameters during the different sleep stages. Further, ...

OBJECTIVES In the field of sleep medicine, there is a paucity of evidence-based curriculum development strategies in the literature. We chose to determine the number of polysomnograms (PSG) necessary to be scored by sleep fellows in order to reasonably approximate sleep scoring by a Diplomate of the American Board of Sleep Medicine (DABSM). DESIGN The fifth PSG scored by two sleep fellows dur...

We examined the question whether the role of EEG oscillations in predicting presence/absence of dream recall (DR) is explained by "state-" or "trait-like" factors. Six healthy subjects were awakened from REM sleep in a within-subjects design with multiple naps, until a recall and a non-recall condition were obtained. Naps were scheduled in the early afternoon and were separated by 1 week. Topog...

How might one determine whether simple animals such as flies sleep in stages? Sleep in mammals is a dynamic process involving different stages of sleep intensity, and these are typically associated with measurable changes in brain activity (Blake and Gerard, 1937; Rechtschaffen and Kales, 1968; Webb and Agnew, 1971). Evidence for different sleep stages in invertebrates remains elusive, even tho...