Pendard syndrome is a genetic disorder that is usually associated with hearing loss in children and thyroid status called goiter, and sometimes affects the balance of the person. Researchers estimate that 7 to 8 percent of the total congenital hearing loss is Pandard's syndrome. A sign that a person may have mutated the SLC26A4 gene is a family history of hearing loss in the early days. Another...

EPITHELIAL Na CHANNELS (ENaC) are expressed in the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron, where they serve as the final site of renal Na reabsorption and participate in the regulation of extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure. ENaC gain-offunction mutations are associated with hypertension, whereas loss-of-function mutations are associated with hypotension. Appreciation of the features th...

Premorbid personality disorders (PD) were studied retrospectively in 40 schizophrenic patients by interviewing the parents and patients who were reliable with the SCID-II. 85% of the patients had premorbid PDs. The most frequent premorbid PDs were: avoidant PD (32. 5%), schizoid PD (27.5%), paranoid PD (20%), dependent PD (20%) and schizotypal PD (12.5%). In most of the patients, two or more PD...

We assessed the attitudes of residents and program directors (PD) toward research training in Canadian anesthesiology residency programs. Questionnaires were sent to all 476 anesthesiology residents in Canada and a modified questionnaire was sent to the PD of each of the 16 anesthesiology programs between November 2003 and April 2004. There was a 60% response rate to the resident questionnaire ...