Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulation technique that involves non-invasive delivery of weak direct current (1-2 mA) to the brain. Conventionally, tDCS employs rectangular saline-soaked sponge pads (25-35 cm) placed on the scalp, with an internal electrode connected to the current source. Impedance measurement across the current source output may fail to recognize n...

tDCS is a neuromodulation technique that involves noninvasive delivery of weak direct current (1–2 mA) to the brain. Conventionally, tDCS employs rectangular saline-soaked sponge pads (25–35 cm) placed on the scalp, with an internal electrode connected to the current source. Impedance measurement across the current source output may fail to recognize nonuniform conditions at the skin interface ...

measurement of the stroke volume and its changes over time can be very helpful for diagnosis of dysfunctions in the blood circulatory system and monitoring their treatments. impedance cardiography (icg) is a simple method of measuring the stroke volume based on changes in the instantaneous mean impedanceof the thorax. this method has received much attention in the last two decades because it is...

Electrocardiography is one of the most significant technologies for detecting cardiovascular diseases. Nowadays, problems various electrodes still meet a great challenge. Herein, we design low cost, environmentally friendly and flexible conductive electrode using cellulose polyvinyl alcohol as substrate assembled with polymer polythiophene by in situ oxidative polymerization, green solvent 1-bu...

One of the greatest challenges of using a myoelectric prosthetic hand in daily life is to conveniently measure stable myoelectric signals. This study proposes a novel surface electromyography (sEMG) sensor using polypyrrole-coated nonwoven fabric sheet as electrodes (PPy electrodes) to allow people with disabilities to control prosthetic limbs. The PPy electrodes are sewn on an elastic band to ...

|Traditional RF enclosures are formed by metal bulk material, in which the eld decays exponentially over a skin depth = p 2=! 0. With typical bulk dimension at least one order of magnitude higher than , the eld outside the metal enclosure is then negligible. The surface resistance Rs presented to the RF eld is 1= . This article presents analysis of an RF shield formed by thin metal lm. We nd th...

Abstract. We introduce tools for a unified analysis and a comparison of impedance transmission conditions (ITCs) for thin conducting sheets within the time-harmonic eddy current model in two dimensions. The first criterion is the robustness with respect to the frequency or skin depth, that means if they give meaningful results for small and for large frequencies or conductivities. As a second t...

Tattoo-like epidermal sensors are an emerging class of truly wearable electronics, owing to their thinness and softness. While most of them are based on thin metal films, a silicon membrane, or nanoparticle-based printable inks, we report sub-micrometer thick, multimodal electronic tattoo sensors that are made of graphene. The graphene electronic tattoo (GET) is designed as filamentary serpenti...

The application of short-duration high-voltage pulses to the skin has been shown to enhance transdermal drug delivery by several orders of magnitude and to transiently permeabilize cells in tissue. Both exponentially decaying (ED) pulses and square wave (SW) pulses have been applied. The latter have also been used for electrochemotherapy. To date, their effect on skin integrity has not been ana...

Over the past decade, microneedles have been shown to dramatically increase skin permeability to a broad range of compounds by creating reversible microchannels in the skin. However, in order to achieve sustained transdermal drug delivery, the extent and duration of skin's increased permeability needs to be determined. In this study, we used electrical impedance spectroscopy to perform the firs...