BACKGROUND To evaluate whether the risk of methotrexate (MTX) exposure through skin contamination using parenteral doses of 25 mg warrants special oncology handling precautions during administration. METHODS We conducted a study with six human volunteers deliberately exposed to an entire dose of 25 mg MTX solution on their skin for 30 min. Serum levels of MTX were measured at baseline, 2, 4, ...

Study the effect of fruit cultivar (intact, early split, irregular crack) on (Akbari, Abbasali, Khanjari) cultivars in Damghan city to Aspergillus Flavus fungus and effect of harvest time in early split pistachio in 1389, sampling from orchards has been performed. Samples after grinding by dilute cultivating in a specific AFPA medium bottles in a completely randomized model were three times rec...

BACKGROUND There is considerable interest in investigating the role of the microbiota in various diseases, including transplant rejection. Germ-free (GF) and gnotobiotic mice are powerful models for this line of investigation, but performing surgery within the confines of a sterile housing isolator is exceptionally challenging. Development of rigorous protocols to be able to remove axenic mice ...

Human intradermal components contain important clinical information beneficial to the field of immunology and disease diagnosis. Although microneedles have shown great potential to act as probes to break the human skin barrier for the minimally invasive measurement of intradermal components, metal microneedles that include stainless steel could cause the following problems: (1) sharp waste prod...

The Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry Volume 34, Number 1/2009 13 INTRODUCTION Staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogen found in the human mucosa and skin. This microorganism is considerably instable, has wide dissemination and can be transmitted through the air or person to person, causing cross-contamination. In addition to skin infections, S. aureus can cause septicemia, pneumonia, o...

Conventional loose-weave cotton operating garments were compared with clothing of a non-woven fabric to test their efficacy in reducing the dispersal of skin bacteria into theatre air. When men wore operating suits made of the non-woven fabric dispersal of skin bacteria was reduced by 72%. When all the operating-theatre staff wore suits and dresses of this fabric air bacterial counts during ope...

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate the evidence base and rationale underpinning the various infections control strategies during central venous catheter insertion and to promote discussion about the key, recurring concepts and recommendations in the literature. Logistical and organisational factors relating to central venous catheter insertion are also examined. BACKGROUND Catheter-related blood...

Water quality data collection in shallow water areas can be a challenging task. Obstacles encountered in such environments include difficulty in covering large territories and the presence of inaccessible areas due to a variety of reasons such as a soft bottom or contamination. There is also a high probability of disturbing the test area while placing the sensors. This paper describes a NASA-fu...

UNLABELLED Heat acclimation (HA) reportedly conveys conservation in sweat micromineral concentrations when sampled from arm sweat, but time course is unknown. The observation that comprehensive cleaning of the skin surface negates sweat micromineral reductions during prolonged sweating raises the question of whether the reported HA effect is real or artifact of surface contamination. PURPOSE ...