Measles virus (MV) manipulates host factors to facilitate virus replication. Sphingosine kinase (SK) is an enzyme catalyzing the formation of sphingosine 1-phosphate and modulates multiple cellular processes including the host defense system. Here, we determined the role of SK1 in MV replication. Overexpression of SK1 enhanced MV replication. In contrast, inhibition of SK impaired viral protein...

This paper develops a framework for the estimation of the functional mean and the functional principal components when the functions form a random field. More specifically, the data we study consist of curves X(sk; t), t∈ [0, T ], observed at spatial points s1, s2, . . . , sN . We establish conditions for the sample average (in space) of the X(sk) to be a consistent estimator of the population ...

Although interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an important biological mediator playing an indispensable role in inflammation and cancer, few inhibitors and suppressors are known. In the present study, the underlying mechanisms of a novel chemically synthesized compound SK-1009, which has suppressive properties on IL-6 production in human macrophage cells, were examined. SK-1009 suppressed IL-6 mRNA levels i...

The Caco-2 cell line represents absorptive polarized intestinal epithelial cells that express multiple forms of Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE) in their plasma membranes. Caco-2 cells express the major apical NHE isoform NHE3, but low NHE3 expression together with inefficient transfection often hamper intended studies. In this study, we examined whether SK-CO15 cells could be used to study NHE3 regu...

Infusion of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase (SK, 666 units/kg per minute for 60 minutes) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA, 10 micrograms/kg per minute for 15 minutes) in rabbits induced a significant hypotension and decrease in platelet count that were completely prevented by treatment with platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor antagonists SDZ 63-675 and WEB 2170. PAF synth...

UNLABELLED Ouabain stimulates activation of various signaling cascades such as protein kinase B (Akt) and Extracellular-signaling-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) in various cell lines. Retinoic acid (RA) is commonly used to induce neuroblastoma differentiation in cultures. Upon RA administration, human neuroblastoma cell line, SK-N-SH demonstrated neurite extensions, which is an indicator of neu...

Calcium-activated K(+) channels of the K(Ca)2 type (SK channels) are prominently expressed in the mammalian brain, including hippocampus. These channels are thought to underlie neuronal excitability control and have been implicated in plasticity, memory, and neural disease. Contrary to previous reports, we found that somatic spike-evoked medium afterhyperpolarizations (mAHPs) and corresponding ...

Descripción: los trastornos del desarrollo sexual (DSD, disorders of sex development) son condiciones congénitas que se caracterizan por la discordancia entre apariencia externa (masculinidad o feminidad) y constitución cromosómica sexo gonadal. Estas manifestaciones están relacionadas con alteraciones a nivel gonadal tracto urinario-genital e incluso sistema reproductivo-endocrino. Dentro de l...

acute coronary syndrome is one of the most prevalent cardiovascular diseases. the acute myocardial infarction is one of its kinds which embodies the indication of fibrinolysis. one of the fibrinolytic types mostly used in iran is streptokinase (sk). this study aims to study the short-term clinical outcomes after receiving sk.a prospective cohort study was conducted on 54 patients at hospitals a...