A kinetic theory for the anomalous heating of ions from energy stored in magnetic turbulence is presented. Imposing self-consistency through the constitutive relations between particle distributions and fields, a turbulent Kirchhoff’s Law is derived that expresses a direct connection between rates of ion heating and electron thermal transport. This connection arises from the kinematics of elect...

r-Process nucleosynthesis in material ejected during neutron star mergers may lead to radioactively powered transients called kilonovae. The timescale and peak luminosity of these transients depend on the composition of the material after nuclear burning ceases, which determines the local heating rate from nuclear decays and the opacity. Kasen et al. (2013, ApJ, 774, 25) and Tanaka & Hotokezaka...

Solid-state nanopores have emerged as useful single-molecule sensors for DNA and proteins. A novel and simple technique for solid-state nanopore fabrication is reported here. The process involves direct thermal heating of 100 to 300 nm nanopores, made by focused ion beam (FIB) milling in free-standing membranes. Direct heating results in shrinking of the silicon dioxide nanopores. The free-stan...

Iron oxide nanoparticles with uniform sizes between 13 nm and 180 nm can be selectively prepared through the "heating up" thermal decomposition method by using decanoic acid and carefully tuning the heating rate.

Biomass pyrolysis is usually characterized on the basis of temperature and heating rate. Unfortunately, these parameters are badly defined in processing reactors as well as in laboratory devices. From the results of simplified models, the present paper points out the significant mistakes that can be made when assuming that the actual temperature and heating rate of reacting biomass particles ar...

2. This study shows a heating rate of +0.003-0.005K/day (Line 434) due to carbonaceous aerosols near the tropopause, and it is only 1 to 2% of total atmospheric heating rate (âĹij0.2 to 0.5 K/day). What is the uncertainness of the atmospheric heating rates at the UTLS? Gettelman et al. (2004, Figure 4) suggests that the uncertainties from different radiative transfer models is on the order of +...

A single relaxation time model is used to describe the kinetics of enthalpy relaxation of glassforming systems subjected to a temperature modulated cooling or heating. There are two time scales of the measurement, a short one fixed by the modulation frequency and a slow one, determined by the average heating or cooling rate. It is demonstrated that the maximal respond of the system appears when...

The crystallization process in Se100–xZnx glassy system is investigated using differential scanning calorimeters (DSC). The samples are prepared by conventional melt-quenching technique in the composition range 2 ≤ x ≤ 20 (at%). Nonisothermal measurements are carried out for different heating rates .The value of the glass transition temperature Tg the crystallization temperature Tc and the crys...

Effects of temperature (400-1000 degrees C) and rate of heating to 550 degrees C (100, 1000, 5000 degrees C/sec) on reduction of pyrene contamination in a Superfund-related soil and on yields of volatile products (tars, CO, CO2, methane, acetylene, ethylene) have been measured. Fifty (+/- 3)-milligram thin layers (less than or equal to 150 micron) of 63- to 125-micron soil particles, neat (i.e....