Since its humble start as a model organism in two European laboratories in the 1940s and 1950s, the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has grown to become one of the best-studied eukaryotes today. This article outlines the way in which interest in S. pombe developed and spread from Europe to Japan, North America, and elsewhere from its beginnings up to the first International Meeting devot...

T he existence of histamine receptors and histamine in the heart has been known since at least the 1940s (1) and cloning of human histamine receptors began around the 1990s (2). Nevertheless, developments relating to histamine have not been highlighted. Also, its role in cardiovascular physiology, such as in the renin–angiotensin or the sympathetic nervous system where it is central to understa...

Malaysian literature in English has just attained its sixtieth anniversary since its modest inception in the late 1940s, initiated by a small group of college and university students in Singapore. Singapore was the academic hub of British Malaya and the only university of the colony was located there, therefore it was natural that a movement in English writing should have started from there. No...

The Equality Act 2010 made it unlawful to discriminate in the provision of services on the grounds of age. This legislation is open to interpretation, but it is affecting the way older people's services are defined and provided. Historical evidence indicates that, since the 1940s, apart from psychiatrists working in dedicated old age services, most were unenthusiastic about working with mentall...

Since the 1940s there has been an interest in the question of why social networks often give rise to two antagonistic factions. Recently a dynamical model of how and why such a balance might occur was developed. This note provides an introduction to the notion of social balance and a new (and simplified) analysis of that model. This new analysis allows us to choose general initial conditions, a...

R espiratory infections, primarily pneumonia and influenza, continue to be the leading infectious cause of death in the developed world [1, 2]. Despite the introduction of new classes of antibiotics there has been little progress in improving pneumonia-related outcomes since the widespread introduction of antibiotics in the 1940s [3]. In addition, there has been little progress on agents to pot...

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) has been used in orthopaedics since the 1940s. Despite the development and popularity of new biomaterials, PMMA remains popular. Although its basic components remain the same, small proprietary and environmental changes create variations in its properties. PMMA can serve as a spacer and as a delivery vehicle for antibiotics, and it can be placed to eliminate dead s...

evidence for more than one etiologic agent has been recognized only since the 1940s, when 2 viruses [hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV)] were thought to account for all disease. In the past 20 years, 3 additional hepatitis agents [hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), and hepatitis E virus (HEV)] have been discovered, and there is evidence for at least one additiona...

INTRODUCTION Phlebotomine sand flies are small insects of great medical relevance. This article presents an updated list of the phlebotomine sand flies occurring in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. METHODS A review of literature published since the 1940s up to May 2010 was conducted and voucher material deposited in reference collections were studied. RESULTS A total of 37 phlebotomine spec...

Since more than six decades ago, liquorice extracts have been used as treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers or Addison’s disease, as adjuvant sweetener in medical mixtures and even as a sweet for children. However, the first case reports on severe side effects of liquorice consumption were observed in the Netherlands back in the 1940s [1]. Hypokalaemic respiratory muscle paralysis due to liquorice...