The article is devoted to the rethinking and rediscovery of “civilization” “civilizations” as a theoretical perspective in contemporary sociology. In broader historical context, trajectories interactions social sciences with civilizational concept are traced, within which self-determination sociology has taken place, well construction transformation its research programs. new development dimens...

Mean annual temperature trends in the tropical Andes were determined over the last six decades (19391998), to investigate the apparent inconsistency between the observed glacier retreat and the reported slight cooling trend in the lower tropical troposphere after 1979. Our results indicate that temperature in the tropical Andes has increased by 0.10 ø 0.11 øC/decade since 1939. The rate of warm...