Boron is an essential micronutrient for plants, and it is beneficial for animals. However, at high concentrations boron is toxic to cells although the mechanism of this toxicity is not known. Atr1 has recently been identified as a boron efflux pump whose expression is upregulated in response to boron treatment. Here, we found that the expression of ATR1 is associated with expression of genes in...

Nano-silica supported boron trifluoride (BF3.SiO2) is an efficient, reusable and eco-friendly catalyst for chemoselective thioacetalization of aldehydes and ketones. So, this catalyst was applied for transthioacetalization of acetals and acylals into their corresponding 1,3-dithiolanes or 1,3-dithianes  in good to excellent yields. The reactions were carried out at room temperature under solven...

Inexpensive and readily available sulfonic acids, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and sulfuric acid are versatile and efficient catalysts for the peracetylation of a broad spectrum of carbohydrate substrates in good yield and in a practical time frame. Three appealing features in sulfonic acid-catalyzed acetylation of free sugars were explored including (1) suppression of furanosyl acetate formation fo...

Three new metal coordination polymers, namely, [Co(DPP)2(H2O)2]·(BS)2·2H2O (1), [Co(DPP)2(H2O)2]·(ABS)2·2H2O (2) and [Co(DPP)2(MBS)2] (3) [DPP = 1,3-di(pyridin-4-yl)propane, BS = phenyl sulfonic acid, ABS = p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid, MBS = p-methylbenzene sulfonic acid] were obtained under hydrothermal conditions. Complexes 1-3 were structurally characterized using X-ray single-crystal diffr...

Scientists engaged in heterogeneous catalysis often cite enzymes as their model catalysts. Enzymes can efficiently catalyze multistep processes that give various types of biomolecules. Remarkably, many enzymes combine two antagonistic catalytic functions, such as acid and base functions. Attracted by this challenge, several groups synthesized homogeneous catalysts that can successfully combine ...

Media containing the fluorogenic compound 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid may be used to discriminate between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and to differentiate between various species of bacteria. Fluorescent light emitted from colonies of gram-negative bacteria on 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid-containing agar was visually more intense than that on gram-positive bacter...

Comparison of the effectiveness of antioxidant activity of three thiol compounds, D-penicillamine, reduced L-glutathione, and 1,4-dithioerythritol, expressed as a radical-scavenging capacity based on the two independent methods, namely a decolorization 2,2'-azinobis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid] assay and a rotational viscometry, is reported. Particular concern was focused on the test...

Recently, it was proposed that neutrophils generate ozone (Wentworth, P. J., McDunn, J. E., Wentworth, A. D., Takeuchi, C., Nieva, J., Jones, T., Bautista, C., Ruedi, J. M., Gutierrez, A., Janda, K. D., Babior, B. M., Eschenmoser, A., and Lerner, R. A. (2002) Science 298, 2195-2199; Babior, B. M., Takeuchi, C., Ruedi, J., Gutierrez, A., and Wentworth, P. J. (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A...

Mycoplasma pneumoniae harvested from media which had become acid lost the ability both to induce formation of tetrazolium reduction inhibition antibody and to act as antigens in immunodiffusion against human convalescent-phase sera. Incorporation of N-tris(hydroxymethyl)-2-aminoethane sulfonic acid and N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethane sulfonic acid buffers into a new medium containing PPL...

A new and efficient synthesis of benzoxanthene drivatives from the three-component condensation reaction ofaryl aldehydes and β-naphthol under solvent-free conditions in the presence of β-cyclodextrin sulfonic acid, as an efficient heterogeneous solid acid catalyst with excellent yields and short reaction time is presented