For the terminology and notations not defined here, we adopt those in Bondy and Murty [1] and Xu [2] and consider simple graphs only. Let G = (V,E) be a graph with vertex set V = V (G) and edge set E = E(G). For any vertex v ∈ V , NG(v) denotes the open neighborhood of v in G and NG[v] = NG(v) ∪ {v} the closed one. dG(v) = |NG(v)| is called the degree of v in G, ∆ and δ denote the maximum degre...

The well-known Worpitzky identity $$\begin{aligned} (x+1)^n = \sum \limits _{k=0}^{n-1} A_{n,k} {{x+n-k} \atopwithdelims (){n}} \end{aligned}$$ provides a connection between two bases of $$\mathbb {Q}[x]$$ : the standard basis $$(x+1)^n$$ and binomial $${{x+n-k} (){n}}$$ , where Eulerian numbers $$A_{n,k}$$ for symmetric group serve as entries transformation matrix. Brenti has generalized this ...

Given two graphs G1 and G2, the Kronecker product G1 ⊗G2 of G1 and G2 is a graph which has vertex set V (G1⊗G2) = V (G1)×V (G2) and edge set E(G1 ⊗ G2) = {(u1, v1)(u2, v2) : u1u2 ∈ E(G1) and v1v2 ∈ E(G2)}. ∗ Research was partially supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 11171207) and the Key Programs of Wuxi City College of Vocational Technology (WXCY2012-GZ-007). † Co...

Domination theory is a well-established topic in graph theory, as well one of the most active research areas. Interest this area partly explained by its diversity applications to real-world problems, such facility location computer and social networks, monitoring communication, coding algorithm design, among others. In last two decades, functions defined on graphs have attracted attention sever...

A graph with signed edges is orientation embedded in a surface when it is topologically embedded so that one trip around a closed path preserves or reverses orientation according as the path's sign product is positive or negative. We nd the smallest surface within which it is possible to orientation-embed the complete bipartite signed graph K r;s , which is obtained from the complete bipartite ...

In this article, a new radix-2 signed-digit number (Radix-2 sub signed-digit number) is defined and its properties for hardware realization are discussed. Until now, high speed calculation method with Radix-2 signed-digit numbers is proposed, but this method used “Compares With 2” to calculate carry. “Compares with 2” is a very simple method, but it needs very complicated hardware especially wh...