Where rivers enter the coastal zone, gradually varying non-uniform flow conditions develop in the channel. This section of the river is referred to as the backwater segment, and for large rivers, backwater flow extends many hundreds of kilometres upstream of the river outlet. Studies from the Mississippi River document a persistent backwater zone that influences sediment mobility throughout the...

The Haw River, a high order river in the southeastern United States, is characterized by severe bank erosion and geomorphic change from historical conditions of clear waters and connected floodplains. In 2014 it was named one of the 10 most threatened rivers in the United States by American Rivers. Like many developed areas, the region has a history of disturbance including extensive upland soi...

Sediment and phosphorus (P) transport from the Minnesota River Basin to Lake Pepin on the upper Mississippi River has garnered much attention in recent years. However, there is lack of data on the extent of sediment and P contributions from riverbanks vis-à-vis uplands and ravines. Using two light detection and ranging (lidar) data sets taken in 2005 and 2009, a study was undertaken to quantify...

As mentioned in Chapter 1, the main issues in trans-boundary river basins are scarcity of water and externalities from upstream to downstream. For instance, excessive water consumption of upstream countries might deprive the right of water consumption for downstream countries. Another prominent issue is that upstream countries could pollute the trans-boundary river carelessly without taking int...

Phyllite and quartzite, probably Precambrian, trend meridionally and dip steeply in the New River Gorge above the junction with the Salisbury River in southern Tasmania. Further upstream an association of silty dolomite and conglomerate is less deformed and may be younger. Siliceous conglomerate boulders occur in the New River below the gorge. Late Ordovician carbonates of the Gordon Group are ...

SHALEHILLS, PA CZO Snow FLUX-­‐PIHM(LSM) Age Isotope Transport Carbon Cycle LITTLE JUNIATA, PA CZO Ecology/Wetland FLUX-­‐PIHM(LSM) SHAVERS CREEK, PA CZO Ecology/Wetland LACKAWANNA RIVER, PA Ecology/Wetland MAHANTANGO CREEK, PA Ecology/Wetland MUDDY CREEK, PA Ecology/Wetland YOUNG WOMAN CREEK, PA CZO Ecology/Wetland JUNIATA RIVER BASIN, PA Parallel computa>on Large watershed applica>on WHITE CL...

An oral rhesus-human rotavirus tetravalent (RRV-TV) vaccine (10(4) pfu of rhesus rotavirus [type G3] and of 3 human-rhesus reassortants [G1, G2, and G4]) was evaluated in a field trial in Lima, Peru. At 2, 3, and 4 months of age, infants received either a dose of RRV-TV, an initial dose of vaccine followed by a dose of placebo at 3 and 4 months, or a dose of placebo. Rotavirus-specific IgA resp...

Ross River virus (RRV), spread by Aedes and Culex mosquitoes, is the most commonly transmitted arbovirus in Australia. A serosurvey of blood donors in French Polynesia during 2011-2013 suggested that RRV circulated without being detected. We report RRV circulation in French Polynesia based on further screening of blood samples collected during 2014-2015.

BACKGROUND Migratory species face numerous threats related to human encroachment and climate change. Several migratory populations are declining and individuals are losing their migratory behaviour. To understand how habitat loss or changes in the phenology of natural processes affect migrations, it is crucial to clearly identify the timing and the patterns of migration. We propose an objective...

We examined the structure and extent of genetic diversity in intrahost populations of Ross River virus (RRV) in samples from six human patients, focusing on the nonstructural (nsP3) and structural (E2) protein genes. Strikingly, although the samples were collected from contrasting ecological settings 3,000 kilometers apart in Australia, we observed multiple viral lineages in four of the six ind...