In many planning applications, actions can have highly diverse costs. Recent studies focus on the effects of diverse action costs on search algorithms, but not on their effects on domain-independent heuristics. In this paper, we demonstrate there are negative impacts of action cost diversity on merge-and-shrink (M&S), a successful abstraction method for producing high-quality heuristics for pla...

The shrinkage temperature of collagen is related to its stability. When shrinkage takes place, it is thought that the hydrothermal agitation at this temperature is sufficient to overcome the forces, chiefly hydrogen bonds, which hold together the polypeptide chains. When stability is reduced by removal of hydrogen bonds with hydrogen bond breakers or by chemical damage, less energy is required ...

The calculated electron density distribution for orpiment, As(2)S(3), reveals that As-S, S-S, and As-As bond paths are associated with the experimental interlayer directed bonded interactions detected in a combined infrared and Raman study. The successful modeling of the infrared- and Raman-determined interlayer bonded interactions together with bond paths and the structuralization of a variety...

Aurora B puts chromosomes in their place mall molecule inhibitors of Aurora B activity, characterized by Hauf et al. (page 281) and Ditchfield et al. (page 267), reveal that the mammalian kinase and its budding yeast counterpart, Ipl1, have similar functions. Without Aurora B, mistakes in kinetochore–chromosome interactions go uncorrected. Early evidence of a function for the Aurora family in c...

We study the quality of weighted shortest paths when a continuous 2-dimensional space is discretized by triangular tessellation. In order to evaluate how well tessellation approximates space, we three types paths: path~$ \mathit{SP_w}(s,t) $, which path from $ s t in space; vertex \mathit{SVP_w}(s,t) where vertices are tessellation; and grid \mathit{SGP_w}(s,t) whose edges The ratios \frac{\lVe...

In the race to South Pole, Roald Amundsen’s expedition covered an equal distance each day, irrespective of weather conditions, while Scott’s pace was erratic. Amundsen won and returned without loss life, Scott his men died. context firm growth, hypothesis suggests that smoother growth paths are associated with better performance in subsequent periods. We develop a new method investigate how fir...

‎An  oriented perfect path double cover (OPPDC) of a‎ ‎graph $G$ is a collection of directed paths in the symmetric‎ ‎orientation $G_s$ of‎ ‎$G$ such that‎ ‎each arc‎ ‎of $G_s$ lies in exactly one of the paths and each‎ ‎vertex of $G$ appears just once as a beginning and just once as an‎ ‎end of a path‎. ‎Maxov{'a} and Ne{v{s}}et{v{r}}il (Discrete‎ ‎Math‎. ‎276 (2004) 287-294) conjectured that ...