Abs t r ac t . We consider a restricted variant of the prefix-sufñx duplication operation, called bounded prefix-sufñx duplication. It consists in the iterative duplication of a prefix or suffix, whose length is bounded by a constant, of a given word. We give a sufncient condition for the closure under bounded prefix-sufñx duplication of a class of languages. Consequently, the class of regular ...

We present a novel approach to deal with the problem of reconstructing the duplication history of tandemly repeated genes that are supposed to have arisen from unequal recombination. We first describe the mathematical model of evolution by tandem duplication and introduce duplication histories and duplication trees. We then provide a simple recursive algorithm which determines whether or not a ...

background :dysfunction in the kinetic chain caused by poor scapula stabilization can contribute to shoulder injuries and shoulder impingement syndrome (sis). the purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two treatment approaches scapular stabilization based exercise therapy and physical therapy in patients with sis.   methods : the study is a randomized clinical trial in which ...

Laxity testing is an important part of the examination of any joint. In the shoulder, it presents unique challenges because of the complexity of the interactions of the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joints. Many practitioners believe that laxity testing of the shoulder is difficult, and they are unclear about its role in evaluation of patients. The objectives of the various laxity and instab...

A frozen shoulder is a common cause of a painful and stiff shoulder. A web-based survey was conducted to obtain insight in the current preferences about the diagnosis and treatment of a frozen shoulder. A response rate of 54% was reached among shoulder specialized orthopaedic surgeons from the Netherlands and Belgium. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and intra-articular corticosteroid inje...

The present study examined muscular activity in the primate proximal forelimb during a posture task. By applying loads selectively to the shoulder, elbow, or both joints, we observed that monoarticular shoulder and elbow muscles varied their activity with loads at the unspanned joint. Shoulder monoarticulars changed activity with elbow torque and elbow monoarticulars changed activity with shoul...

We chose 60 patients with shoulder joint injury that have received arthroscopic anchor implantation fixation treatment in Southwest Hospital from January 2012 to October 2015 and divided them into a control group and an observation group equally, using computer single-blind randomized method. Patients with shoulder joint injury in the control group have received conservative treatment, while pa...

OBJECTIVE To investigate shoulder pain and disability and quality of life (QoL) over 12 months in patients with diabetes and in a non-diabetic control group. METHODS Cross-sectional study with 12-month follow-up in diabetic (n=189) and medical (n=99) outpatients employing the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and SF-36 version 2. The results were analysed using restricted maximum lik...

Background. The shoulder joint has a very complex structure. Normal shoulder function is dependent on joint stability and proper neuromuscular control. Given its anatomical structure and range of movement, this joint is highly susceptible to numerous disorders and injuries. Normal stability of the shoulder guarantees physiological function, and is also the most important element of injury preve...

PATIENT Male, 57 FINAL DIAGNOSIS: Typ 2 Superior labrum anterior-posterior lesion Symptoms: Shoulder pain after trauma Medication: - Clinical Procedure: - Specialty: Orthopedics and Traumatology • Emergency Medicine. OBJECTIVE Rare disease. BACKGROUND Due to the anatomical and biomechanical characteristics of the shoulder, traumatic soft-tissue lesions are more common than osseous lesions. ...