The objective of this paper is to measure and compare the subjective time discounting of professional athletes and nonathletes. By using a questionnaire, we found higher subjective discounting for professional athletes than for non-athletes. We also found that the professional athletes’ win-orientation positively affected their present preferences. On the other hand, professional athletes’ play...

Kenyan athletes have dominated international distance running in recent years. Explanations for their success include favourable physiological characteristics, which could include favourable genetic endowment, and advantageous environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to compare the demographic characteristics of elite Kenyan runners with those of the general Kenyan population. Questi...

Dietary supplement (DS) intake is high in elite level athletes, however few studies have investigated the impact that the performance level of the athletes has on supplementation intake in individual and team sports. The purpose of the study was to determine and compare the DS intake among individual and team sport athletes of various performance levels. A total of 2845 participants (athletes: ...

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the symmetry of the isometric strength of the shoulder and scapulothoracic muscles in volleyball and futsal athletes. Methods: In this case-control study, the strength of the scapulothoracic muscles and rotation of the shoulders in 20 adult volleyball athletes and 20 futsal adult athletes, who were randomly selected from sports clubs around Tehran, were me...

Aims While a robust literature exists regarding substance use patterns among adolescent athletes, no studies have examined substance use among adolescent sexual minority athletes; a subpopulation of adolescents that may experience greater rates of substance use due to their marginalized status within the context of sport. Methods This study uses data from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (2009-...

OBJECTIVES Anecdotally many athletes report worse sleep in the nights prior to important competitions. Despite sleep being acknowledged as an important factor for optimal athletic performance and overall health, little is understood about athlete sleep around competition. The aims of this study were to identify sleep complaints of athletes prior to competitions and determine whether complaints ...

Yung-Fa Lai, MD; Mao-Chang Su, MD; Hsu-Huei Weng, MD, MPH, PhD; Jiun-Ting Wu, MD; Chien-Tung Chiu, MD 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. 2 Department of Occupational Therapy, I-Shou University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. 3 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medic...

and Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical Research, and Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Received: June 24, 2015 Accepted: March 16, 2016 Address reprint request and correspondence to: Ying-Hsien Kao, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical Research, and Po-Huang Lee, Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, No. 1, ...

Tong Shu 1,*, Xiaoqin Gao 1, Shou Chen 1, Shouyang Wang 1,2, Kin Keung Lai 3,4 and Lu Gan 5 1 Business School, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; [email protected] (X.G.); [email protected] (S.C.); [email protected] (S.W.) 2 Academy of Mathematics and System Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China 3 International Business School, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 7...