One consistent finding among studies using shotgun metagenomics to analyze whole viral communities is that most viral sequences show no significant homology to known sequences. Thus, bioinformatic analyses based on sequence collections such as GenBank nr, which are largely comprised of sequences from known organisms, tend to ignore a majority of sequences within most shotgun viral metagenome li...

Ciliates are the only unicellular eukaryotes known to separate germinal and somatic functions. Diploid but silent micronuclei transmit the genetic information to the next sexual generation. Polyploid macronuclei express the genetic information from a streamlined version of the genome but are replaced at each sexual generation. The macronuclear genome of Paramecium tetraurelia was recently seque...

Shotgun sequencing was employed to explore the community structure (phylotyping of rRNA genes) andfunctional potential Cabernet Sauvignon grape must microbiome. A metagenomic library, representing92.6 Mb genetic information, generated from DNA obtained grapemust.. Fungi were identified as dominant domain (59.5%) followed by Streptophyta (39%). Amongthe 84 fungal species, 22 yeasts various gener...

Both typical and less frequent features of gunshot wounds caused by shotguns are reported in the following article. The pattern of shotgun injury predominantly depends on gauge, choke, number and diameter of used pellets, muzzle-victim distance and on character of the afflicted area of the body. Characteristic ballistic properties of shotgun pellets, their wounding potential and significance in...

An application of duplex-specific nuclease (DSN) normalization technology to whole-genome shotgun sequencing of genomes with a large proportion of repetitive DNA is described. The method uses a thermostable DSN from the Kamchatka crab that specifically hydrolyzes dsDNA. In model experiments on human genomic DNA, we demonstrated that DSN normalization of double-stranded DNA formed during C0t ana...

Caenorhabditis elegans, a 1-mm soil-dwelling roundworm with 959 cells, may be the best-understood multicellular organism on the planet. As the most " pared-down'' animal that shares essential features of human biology—from embryogenesis to aging—C. elegans is a favorite subject for studying how genes control these processes. The way these genes work in worms helps scientists understand how dise...

The population genetic perspective is that the processes shaping genomic variation can be revealed only through simultaneous investigation of sequence polymorphism and divergence within and between closely related species. Here we present a population genetic analysis of Drosophila simulans based on whole-genome shotgun sequencing of multiple inbred lines and comparison of the resulting data to...

BACKGROUND The MinION™ is a new, portable single-molecule sequencer developed by Oxford Nanopore Technologies. It measures four inches in length and is powered from the USB 3.0 port of a laptop computer. The MinION™ measures the change in current resulting from DNA strands interacting with a charged protein nanopore. These measurements can then be used to deduce the underlying nucleotide sequen...

transition from vegetative to reproductive growth is an important stage in plant’s life. flowering pathways including photoperiod, vernalization, gibberellins, and autonomous pathway are regulated by different genes. identification of flowering genes is essential for the development of bolting-resistant sugar beet cultivars. in this study, a set of 118 arabidopsis thaliana genes involved in flo...

Traditional shotgun proteomics used to detect a mixture of hundreds to thousands of proteins through mass spectrometric analysis, has been the standard approach in research to profile protein content in a biological sample which could lead to the discovery of new (and all) protein candidates with diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic values. In practice, this approach requires significant res...