Connectors are very important modeling entities which unfortunately are not sufficiently dealt with by the models of conventional components. Indeed, the majority of describing or programming languages for component-based systems do not offer any means of expressing the connectors explicitly at the level of implementation. In general, they introduce types of predefined connectors (if they propo...

No published studies assess the knowledge of staff nurses regarding intravenous connectors, yet connectors remain a primary cause of infection and mortality. Anonymous survey (N1⁄4 100) in acute hospitals revealed 78% of nurses were uninformed about different connector types and their different care and 43% could not name two complications of connectors. No significant relationship was found be...

Software integration in distributed architecture plays an important role to improve software quality. Engineers often face challenges coming from connectors. Especially, design of connectors in a distributed system encounters more design issues such as: i) how to fulfil the functional and quality requirements of connectors in distributed system; ii) how do multiple technologies combine together...

Component-based software architecture describes systems as a collection of components that interact using connectors. It defines components explicitly, however it leaves the definition of interactions implicit. Interactions are defined through include files and import and export statements (connectors are buried inside components). This implicitly of describing interactions (connectors) makes i...

To design effective exception handlers, developers must predict at design time the exceptional events that may occur at runtime, and must implement the corresponding handlers on the basis of their predictions. Designing exception handlers for component-based software systems is particularly difficult because the information required to build handlers is distributed between component and applica...

In recent software developments, applications are made up of a collection of reusable software entities (components) and mechanisms that permit their interaction (connectors). These latter mechanisms have many forms. On the one hand, industrial approaches use simple connectors that are mainly point-to-point connections. On the other hand, academic approaches, like Architecture Description Langu...

Connections can be inserted into classes transparently. Based on an open language with a static meta-object protocol, meta-operators can be constructed that work as connectors, mixing communication code into classes. Thereby, connectors become standard methods in the open language; connections are initiated by standard method calls, and connecting becomes a program transformation. This method p...

The conceptual separation between computation and coordination in distributed computing systems motivates the use of peculiar entities commonly called connectors, whose task is managing the interaction among distributed components. Different kinds of connectors exist in the literature at different levels of abstraction. We focus on a basic algebra of connectors which is expressive enough to mod...