ao"length of opening dh, dl"distance from top of steel section to centroid of concrete force at high and low moment ends of the opening, respectively dr"distance from outside edge of flange to centroid of reinforcement *b"maximum bending deflection for unperforated beam *m,b"maximum bending deflection for a member with an opening Fy"yield stress of steel FM y"reduced axial strength of steel in ...

The overall goal of this study is to gain an insight into the load sharing aspect between oriented strand board OSB and gypsum wall board GWB in shear wall assembly during racking load. Sixteen standard 2,440 2,440 mm walls were tested monotonically, in total, out of which 11 Type A were sheathed on both sides OSB on one side and GWB on the other , while five walls were tested without GWB Type ...

This work deals with the development of a mechanics-based shear model for reinforced concrete (RC) elements strengthened in shear with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) and a design/assessment procedure capable of predicting the failure sequence of resisting elements: the yielding of existing transverse steel ties and the debonding of FRP sheets/strips, while checking the corresponding compressive...

Freeze-fracture electron microscopy was used to examine the structure of a region of plasma membrane that undergoes continual, unidirectional shear. Membrane shear arises from the continual clockwise rotation of one part (head) of a termite flagellate relative to the rest of the cell. Freeze-fracture replicas show that the lipid bilayer is continuous across the shear zone. Thus, the relative mo...

Under conditions of high shear stress, both hemostasis and thrombosis are initiated by the interaction of the platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX-V complex with its adhesive ligand, von Willebrand factor (vWF), in the subendothelial matrix or plasma. This interaction involves the A1 domain of vWF and the N-terminal extracellular region of GP Ibalpha (His-1-Glu-282), and it can also be ind...

In this paper, a generalized expression for the flow field in axisymmetric extrusion process is suggested to be valid for any dies and the boundary shapes of the plastic deformation zone. The general power terms are derived and the extrusion force is calculated by applying upper bound technique for a streamlined die shape and exponential functions for shear boundaries. It is shown that assuming...

bedsore is a very important problem in bedridden patients. it affects patients’ lives and imposes substantial costs to society. its incidence approaches 38% and its annual prevalence is estimated to be 14.8% in patients who are admitted in hospitals. the national pressure ulcer advisory panel (npuap) and the european pressure ulcer advisory panel (epuap) define bedsore as “a localized injury to...