This paper investigates the relationship between cigarette consumption per capita net disposable income, cigarette price index, and per capita expenditure for education. In this empirical analysis the Johansen cointegration test is applied in conjunction with the vector error correction model. Finally, the forecasting technique of cigarettes consumption in Greece using cointegration models is p...

This paper examines convergence of real GDP per capita in the selected East Asian countries and this relationship with selected Middle East countries during the period 1950-2009. The reason behind this refers to the fact that East Asia countries (including China, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Japan and South Korea) have been involved in achieving success arising from regi...

a r t i c l e i n f o This paper applies principal component analysis to investigate the linkages, or dominant co-fluctuation patterns, of per capita carbon dioxide emissions across countries for the time period 1950–2000. Energy resource world markets are investigated as an offsetting mechanism possibly coordinating emission fluctuations between countries. The results of the analysis provide e...

It is proposed that the economic conditions of a state can explain the quality of public education in that state. The GDP per capita, personal income per capita, and poverty levels for each state are observed to evaluate the economic conditions, and an average ranking is observed to determine the quality of education in each state. Both simple and multiple regression analyses are conducted to d...

The paper examines the income elasticity of electric power consumption power (YEEPC) in Africa. This study constitutes the first attempt to explore the relationship between electricity consumption per capita and real GDP per capita for 16 African countries in a panel dimension over the period 1971 – 2002. Bi-directional causality exists and all tests support a long run relationship between the ...

OBJECTIVE To describe children's consumption of processed foods and its relationship with per capita family income based on a household survey. METHODS Food consumption was studied in a statistical sample of 718 children living in the city of São Paulo in the period 1995-1996. A 24-hour dietary recall was used. Data regarding the association of children's consumption of 24 processed foods and...

This study examines dynamic interrelationships and causality relationships among CO2 emissions, economic, political and financial variables over the period of 1971-2011 for the case of Iran as one of the top CO2 emitting countries in the world. The results of ARDL and Johansen cointegration approaches confirm the existence of long run relationship among CO2 emissions, energy consumption, GDP, f...