The ventilatory response to several minutes of hypoxia consists of various time-dependent phenomena, some of which occur during hypoxia (e.g., short-term depression), whereas others appear on return to normoxia (e.g., posthypoxic frequency decline). Additional phenomena can be elicited by acute, intermittent hypoxia (e.g., progressive augmentation, long-term facilitation). Current data suggest ...

in this work, we report synthesis of silver nanoplates by a simple reduction process of silver nitrate in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol (pva) and n,n'-dimethyl formamide (dmf). the characterization of the samples were carried out using x-ray diffraction (xrd), transmission-electron microscopy (tem) and uv-vis spectroscopy. absorption spectra of the nanoplates in comparison with that of...

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) has been implicated in the regulation of CRE-dependent transcription. To investigate the role of this kinase in neuronal plasticity and memory, we generated transgenic mice in which the expression of a dominant-negative form of CaMKIV (dnCaMKIV) is restricted to the postnatal forebrain. In these transgenic mice, activity-induced CREB phosp...

This paper discusses a problem in which  decentralized supply chains enter the market simultaneously with no existing rival chains, shape the supply chains’ networks, and set wholesale and retail prices in a noncooperative manner. All the chains produce either identical or highly substitutable products. Customer demand is elastic and price-dependent. A three-step algorithm is proposed to solve ...

long-term potentiation (ltp) is a reflection of synaptic plasticity that induced by specific patterns of synaptic activity and has an important role in learning and memory. the first clue of the potential role of glutamate receptors in ltp was in 1991 with the observation that the mglur agonists 1-amino-1, 3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid (acpd), increased ltp. studies have shown that acpd induc...

To reduce the damages of aeolian vibration of conductors to the power transmission networks, the most common method is installation of Stock-bridge dampers. Estimation of the damper’s dissipated energy is an important factor in determining the number and location of installation of these types of vibration absorbers. This estimation is strongly dependent upon the assumed mode shape of the condu...

In the present study, the nonlinear model of non-Newtonian blood flow in cosine-shape stenosed elastic artery is numerically examined. The model is carried out for axisymmetric, two-dimensional and fully developed blood flow. The vessel wall is assumed to be have time-dependent radius that is important factor for study of blood flow. The cosine-shape stenosis convert to rigid artery by using a ...