The threat posed by invasive nonnative plants to native plant populations is one of the largest challenges facing both conservation biology and restoration ecology. California has been highly impacted by invaders, although many relict stands of native plants are found on shallow, rocky soils with limited resources. The abiotic conditions of these sites may strongly influence the performance of ...

Rapid increases in the swine (Sus scrofa domestica) population in the 1990s and associated potential for nitrate N pollution of surface waters led the state of North Carolina to adopt stringent waste management regulations in 1993. Our objectives were to characterize (i) nitrate N movement from waste application fields (WAFs) in shallow ground water, and (ii) soil, hydrologic, and biological fa...

In the following case study, we consider the so-called shallow water equations. They describe the behaviour of a fluid, in particular water, of a certain (possibly varying) depth h in a twodimensional domain – imagine, for example, a puddle of water or a shallow pond (and compare the 1D sketch given in Figure 1). The main modelling assumption is that we can neglect effects of flow in vertical d...

It is not possible, in practice, to precisely model a complex propagation channel, such as shallow water. This lack of accuracy causes a deterioration in the performance of the optimal detector and motivates the search for sub-optimal detectors which are insensitive to uncertainties in the propagation model. We present a novel, robust detector, which measures the degree of spatial-stationarity ...

We present a linear analysis of inviscid, incompressible, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) shallow water systems. In spherical geometry, a generic property of such systems is the existence of five wave modes. Three of them (two magneto-Poincaré modes and one magneto-Rossby mode) are previously known. The other two wave modes are strongly influenced by the magnetic field and rotation, and have substant...

A discontinuous Galerkin shallow water model on the cubed sphere is developed, thereby extending the transport scheme developed by Nair et al. The continuous flux form nonlinear shallow water equations in curvilinear coordinates are employed. The spatial discretization employs a modal basis set consisting of Legendre polynomials. Fluxes along the element boundaries (internal interfaces) are app...

In fluid animation, wake is one of the most important phenomena usually seen when an object is moving relative to the flow. However, in current shallow water simulation for interactive applications, this effect is greatly smeared out. In this paper, we present a method to efficiently synthesize these wakes. We adopt a generalized SPH method for shallow water simulation and two way solid fluid c...

The ability to predict transmission loss of sound propagating in shallow water is constrained by the knowledge of the geoacoustic properties of the bottom. The long term objectives of this research project are related to the investigation of experimental methods and inversion techniques for estimating parameters of geoacoustic models of the ocean bottom and the associated uncertainties in the m...