leishmaniasis is one of the most important parasitic diseases in terms of human injury and economic consequences which has a wide range of clinical protests of skin damage to fatal visceral discomfort covers. kala-azar is a mediterranean-type in and its main reservoirs are dogs and canine family. currently the most common disease centers are in parts of provinces such as ardebil, fars, east of ...

Here we report for the first time that bacterial blight of rice can be alleviated by silicon (Si) added. In both inoculated and uninoculated plants, shoot dry weight was significantly higher in the +Si plants than in the -Si plants. A soil-cultured trial showed that disease severity was 24.3% lower in the Si-amended plants than in the non-Si-amended plants. Plants that were switched from -Si to...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Invasive plants can be released from specialist herbivores and encounter novel generalists in their introduced ranges, leading to variation in defence among native and invasive populations. However, few studies have examined how constitutive and induced indirect defences change during plant invasion, especially during the juvenile stage. METHODS Constitutive extrafloral ne...

Recognition of genetic reserves and desirable genes is the basis of breeding programs. So far, in Iran, due to the lack of recognition of genetic resources, a considerable breeding program has not been done on native plants. The study of the genetic diversity of violets as a native plant with ornamental and medicinal uses is the great importance in advancing the breeding goals of this plant. So...

Anthers of Nicotiana tabacum cultivar Wisconsin 38 were treated with the mutagen ethyl methane sulfonate and cultured to obtain populations of haploid plants of high genetic variability. The selection of these populations by their photosynthetic efficiency was carried out in a hydroponic culture chamber with a CO(2) atmosphere concentration close to the compensation point. Plants that survived ...

in order to evaluate the effects of ethephon and nitrogen fertilizer on sweet sorghum cv. sofra, an experiment was conducted as split plot on a randomized complete block design with three replications at agricultural research station of isfahan university (isfahan, iran). experiment was conducted with four nitrogen levels (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg urea ha-1 from urea with 0, 46, 92 and 138 kg nit...

leishmaniasis has long been known as a significant public health challenge in many parts of iran. phlebotomus pa­patasi and p. sergent i are the vectors of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis and anthroponotic cutaneous leish­maniasis respectively, and 5 species of sand flies including p. kandelakii , p. neglectus , p. perfiliewi , p. keshishiani and p. alexandri are considered as probable vectors...

Spider mites, a cosmopolitan pest of agricultural and landscape plants, thrive under hot and dry conditions, which could become more frequent and extreme due to climate change. Recent work has shown that neonicotinoids, a widely used class of systemic insecticides that have come under scrutiny for non-target effects, can elevate spider mite populations. Both water-stress and neonicotinoids inde...