zoroastrian’s purification rituals are one of the most visible aspects of zoroastrianism that root in the avesta’s texts. but it seems that these customs which were considered as a preservative of human communities from harm and evil diseases in the pre-zoroastrian period, have been changed after that period of time and their joining to the religious teachings of zoroasterian. in this paper, at...

This article works with theory of ritual in order to begin addressing a series of questions raised by Brazilian spirit possession rituals (in Kardecism and Umbanda). Four contributions to theory of ritual highlight relevant conceptual issues: Humphrey and Laidlaw on non-intentionality; Bloch on deference; Houseman and Severi on social relations; and Kapferer on virtuality. Strawson’s philosophi...

a rite of passage is a ritual event that marks a person's transition from one status to another, including birth, coming-of-age, marriage and death. one of the rite of passage is funeral and its rituals .a funeral is a ceremony for honoring, respecting, sanctifying, or remembering the life of a person who has died. funerary customs comprise the complex of beliefs and practices used by a cu...

The electronic cigarette (e-cig) has gained popularity as an aid in smoking cessation programs mainly because it maintains the gestures and rituals of tobacco smoking. However, it has been shown in inexperienced e-cig users that ineffective nicotine delivery can cause tobacco craving that could be responsible for unsuccessful smoking reduction/cessation. Moreover, the incorrect use of an e-cig ...

Statistical rituals largely eliminate statistical thinking in the social sciences. Rituals are indispensable for identification with social groups, but they should be the subject rather than the procedure of science. What I call the “null ritual” consists of three steps: (1) set up a statistical null hypothesis, but do not specify your own hypothesis nor any alternative hypothesis, (2) use the ...

The patient has a general sense that something terrible may occur if a particular ritual is not performed, and the failure to perform a ritual may lead immediately to severe anxiety or a very uncomfortable, nagging feeling of incompleteness. In addition to checking and washing rituals, patients with OCD often present with persistent intrusive thoughts, extreme slowness or thoroughness, or doubt...

essenes are a sect of jewish that dwelled in palestine and syria and have been known as ascetics in jew history in second century (bc).this sect because of their special doctorine and rituals that is different of other jewish sects are accounted as heralds of christianity.all of information about this sect has been drived from greek sources and qumran documents that it´s possible these document...