We tested the role of sex chromosome complement and gonadal hormones in sex differences in several different paradigms measuring nociception and opioid analgesia using "four core genotypes" C57BL/6J mice. The genotypes include XX and XY gonadal males, and XX and XY gonadal females. Adult mice were gonadectomized and tested 3-4 weeks later, so that differences between sexes (mice with testes vs....

OBJECTIVE The molecular mechanisms underlying sex differences in dyslipidemia are poorly understood. We aimed to distinguish genetic and hormonal regulators of sex differences in plasma lipid levels. APPROACH AND RESULTS We assessed the role of gonadal hormones and sex chromosome complement on lipid levels using the four core genotypes mouse model (XX females, XX males, XY females, and XY mal...

BACKGROUND The cardiac renin-angiotensin system has been suggested to be involved in the development of left ventricular hypertrophy. In humans, a strong correlation has been found between plasma angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) activity and the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the ACE gene, which has been reported to be associated with myocardial infarction, ischemic and idiopathi...

AIM To explore the association between COX-2 polymorphisms and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) susceptibility. METHODS We collected fasting peripheral venous blood from 60 cases with NSCLC and 62 healthy controls through physical examinations, and applied PCR-RFLP to analyze COX-2 polymorphisms of two groups. RESULTS With respect to detecting COX-2 rs689466 and rs5275 polymorphisms, the ...

Arecent spate of articles in this and other journals fitness depends solely on genotype: if hybrid males and females have the same genotype, they will both be viable has highlighted a pattern that appears to characterize the genetics of speciation: the genes causing hyor both be inviable. In the second case, a hybrid lethal is expressed in one sex only (say, males). In this case, brid inviabili...

background: in human, sry (sex-determining region of the y chromosome) is the major gene for the testis-determining factor which is found in normal xy males and in the rare xx males, and it is absent in normal xx females and many xy females. there are several methods which can indicate a male genotype by the presence of the amplified product of sry gene. the aim of this study was to identify th...