Recent theory suggests that much of the wide variation in individual behavior that exists within cooperative animal societies can be explained by variation in the future direct component of fitness, or the probability of inheritance. Here we develop two models to explore the effect of variation in future fitness on social aggression. The models predict that rates of aggression will be highest t...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES For the serodiagnosis of group A streptococcal (GAS) infections and their late sequelae, a battery of tests have been suggested. However, anti-streptolysin O (ASO) and antideoxyribonuclease B (ADNase B) are the most widely accepted tests for the same. It is essential to evaluate the upper limits of ASO and ADNase B levels in age and sex matched normal population before u...

ABSTRAK Kiraan telur cadng dalam najis dan kehadiran spesis-spesis nematod pada kambing daripada tujuh kandang kambing yang kedl di daerah Timur Laut, Pulau Pinang telah dikaji. Secara amnya kiraan telur adalah tinggi, berjulat antara 500 2000 epg. Keadaan iklim didaerah ini adalah sesuai bagi kehidupan dan perkembangan sekurang-kurangnya lima spesis nematod iaitu Cooperia spp., Haemonchus spp....

in recent years, the importance of shigella as an enteric pathogen with global impact has been increasingly recognized. in this study, serogroup distribution of shigella isolated from clinically diagnosed cases of gastroenteritis and acute diarrhea in tehran, capital of iran was investigated between december 2002 and november 2003. fecal specimens and rectal swabs were cultured for shigella spp...

yersiniosis is a common infection in human and animals. yersinia enterocolitica infection has been associated with a variety of clinical manifestations. this bacterium has been isolated from water, meat, milk environment, animals and so on. our studies have been accomplished about isolation of y. enterocolitica from vegetables such as lettuce, carrot, celery, parsley, tomato, cabbage, radish, m...

background: glyphosate (n-phosphonomethyl glycine) is an organophosphorus pesticide with dangerous effects on the environment. in this study, the biodegradation of glyphosate herbicide by halophilic bacteria isolated from qom hoze-soltan lake has been investigated. methods: after sampling and bacterial isolation, native halophilic strains grown in the presence of glyphosate at a wavelength of 6...

For biomarkers to be useful in assessing anthropogenic impacts in field studies involving aquatic organisms, they should not be affected by naturally occurring changes in environmental parameters such as salinity. This is especially important in estuarine environments and for relatively unspecific biomarkers like heat-shock proteins (hsps, stress proteins). In this study, the heat-shock protein...