We reported a case of severe symptomatic hyponatremia with serum sodium level 113 mmol/l after 2 weeks commencement types atypical antipsychotics; clozapine and amisulpiride indapamide, thiazide-like diuretic antihypertensive medication. Discontinuation indapamide despite continuation his antipsychotics showed improvement in level. The aim our case-report is to emphasize the life-threatening co...

Hyponatremia has been associated with several antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), such as carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, and occasionally with valproate and lamotrigine. 1,2 To date, there is only a report of hyponatremia associated with levetiracetam in a 65-year-old patient predisposed to the development of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). 3 We recently observed a pati...

Ouabain and Serum Sodium To the Editor: Sodium-dependent mechanisms play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. He et al recently demonstrated that in normotensive and hypertensive subjects an acute reduction in salt intake, from 350 to 10 mmol/d for 5 days, was associated with a decline in serum sodium by 3 mmol/L. Conversely, a progressive increase in salt intake from 10 to 250 mmol/d by...

INTRODUCTION Hypernatremia is common among hospitalized patients especially in the intensive care units and presents an independent risk factor for mortality. Mild hypernatremia is often asymptomatic but severe hypernatremia causes central nervous system dysfunction with initial non-specific symptoms of encephalopathy that may progress to seizures, coma and death, if left untreated. Severe hype...

Severe hypernatremia is defined as serum sodium levels above 152 mEq/L, with a mortality rate ≥60%. 85-year-old gentleman was brought to the emergency room with altered level of consciousness after refusing to eat for a week at a skilled nursing facility. On admission patient was nonverbal with stable vital signs and was responsive only to painful stimuli. Laboratory evaluation was significant ...