BACKGROUND Although the causes of the worldwide resurgence of tuberculosis are multifactorial, the HIV epidemic is believed to have had a central role. Control is further threatened by the emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. METHODS A retrospective evaluation was undertaken of trends in pulmonary and extrapulmonary culture positive mycobacterial pathology, and the prevalence of dru...

OBJECTIVE To study the impact of maternal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection on pregnancy outcome. METHODS Between January 1989 and December 1991, 406 HIV-1-seropositive and 407 HIV-1-seronegative age- and parity-matched pregnant women from Nairobi, Kenya, all at less than 28 weeks' gestation, were recruited into a prospective study of HIV-1 infection in pregnant women and ...

We wanted to study the effect of sputum induction on forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and on oxygen saturation in normal controls, asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive individuals, and HIV-seropositive patients under investigation for suspected Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). Over a five month period, sputum induction with ultrasonically nebulized 3% s...

BACKGROUND The clinical characteristics of autoimmune autonomic neuropathy are only partially defined. More than 50% of patients with high levels of ganglionic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) autoantibodies have a combination of sicca complex (marked dry eyes and dry mouth), abnormal pupillary light response, upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms, and neurogenic bladder. OBJECTIVE To compare pa...

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) latent infection has a deleterious effect on the efficacy of influenza vaccination in the elderly, suggesting that CMV restricts immunological diversity impairing the immune system functionality in old age. Polyfunctional T cells produce multiple cytokines and higher amounts than mono-functional T cells. High number of polyfunctional T cells correlates with better prognosi...

seven hundred and sixty-eight blood samples of pregnant cattle from four holstein dairy herds that are farmed in the vicinity of tehran were used to evaluate the seroprevalence of neospora caninum infection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). two hundred and ninety-eight of the 768 blood samples (38.8%) were positive for this infection. the prevalence of infection in the herds varied ...

Abstract We determined the effect of HIV infection on deaths among persons >18 months age with culture-confirmed candidemia at 29 sentinel hospitals in South Africa during 2012–2017. Of 1,040 case-patients documented status and in-hospital survival data, 426 (41%) were HIV-seropositive. The case-fatality rate was 54% (228/426) for HIV-seropositive participants 37% (230/614) HIV-seronegative (cr...

BACKGROUND Human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) infection is associated with Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and other neoplastic and non-neoplastic manifestations. A strong association between HHV-8 and KS has been evidenced in transplant recipients, particularly kidney recipients. METHODS We have investigated the HHV-8 seroprevalence by an immunoenzymatic assay in 408 patients awaiting kidney transplantation a...

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). The importance of the recipient's serologic status is paramount. However, the importance of the donor's serologic status in CMV-seropositive recipients is controversial. We analyzed the influence of the donor's CMV status in a large cohort of patients. A total of 7018 patien...

OBJECTIVE To determine seroprevalence of FeLV and FIV infection among cats in North America and risk factors for seropositivity. DESIGN Prospective cross-sectional survey. ANIMALS 18,038 cats tested at 345 veterinary clinics (n=9,970) and 145 animal shelters (8,068) between August and November 2004. PROCEDURE Cats were tested with a point-of-care ELISA for FeLV antigen and FIV antibody. A...