background & aim: undoubtedly, the knowledge and skills of the employees lead to the survival of the organization. the purpose of this study is to investigate the important issues in designation and implementation of staff in-service training models to determine a framework for designing the efficient nursing continuing education models. methods & materials: this study is a structured review ba...

Consider the problem of designing a component that combined with a known part of a system, called the context, conforms to a given overall specification. This question arises in several applications ranging from logic synthesis to the design of discrete controllers. We cast the problem as solving abstract equations over languages and study the most general solutions under the synchronous and pa...

Computations are developed for the synthesis of a finite state machine (FSM) embedded in a known FSM such that their combined behavior satisfies a co-Büchi specification (the solution must finally enter an acceptable set of states and stay there forever). The procedures for this are shown to be very similar to those used for regular (non-omega) automata, except for a final step in which a set o...

We present a new method for the synthesis-forinitializability of asynchronous state machines. Unlike existing approaches, our method incorporates a state assignment step. State assignment is critical, since initializability may be precluded by poor choice of state assignment. Also, we present precise conditions on hazard-free logic, to insure that the circuits are physically initializable.

Reversible circuits for SR ip op, JK ip op, D ip op, T ip op, Master Slave D ip op and Master Slave JK ip op have been provided with three di erent logical approaches. All the circuits have been optimized with the help of existing local optimization algorithms (e.g. template matching, moving rule and deletion rule) and the optimized sequential circuits have been compared with the earlier propos...

Innovative synthesis for testability strategies aim at considering testability while synthesizing a circuit, whereas conventional design for testability methods modify the design after the circuit structure is synthesized. We describe a synthesis approach that maps a behavioral FSM description into a testable gate-level structure. The term “testable” in this context, besides implying the existe...

Low power design is most required now a days due to scaling down the technology where minimizing the voltage level is the most effective way to minimize the power consumption. This paper presents a double pulse flip flop implemented using 0.18 μm technology. The proposed flip flop avoids unnecessary switching and stacking of transistors and thus consume less power as compared to conventional fl...

Nanotechnology is forging era-defining breakthroughs across science and engineering. In particular, one-dimensional nanostructures such as nanowires, nanotubes and nanobelts are widely regarded as critical building blocks for creating the next generation of devices in electronics, optics, energy and biomedicine. Motivated by a practical problem of sequential synthesis of nanowires, we propose a...