BACKGROUND Nasal valve collapse is a common cause of nasal obstruction in otolaryngology practice. Common examination methods, such as the Cottle Maneuver and modified Cottle Maneuver are available. However, these methods are dichotomous and do not provide ordinal severity information. The Ottawa Valve Collapse Scale (OVCS) is a grading system for assessing and easily grading external nasal val...

congenital left ventricular diverticulum is a rare cardiac malformation. two categories of congenital ventricular diverticulum have been identified with regard to their localization: apical and non-apical. apical diverticula are always associated with midline thoraco-abdominal defects and other heart malformations. non-apical diverticula are always isolated defects. diagnosis is established by ...