Innate immune system is a universal form of host defense against infections. The recognition of the innate immunity is based on a limited number of encoded receptors that have evolved to recognize microbial metabolism products. The recognition of these molecular structures allows the immune system to distinguish its own infectious components from non-communicable structures. The immune suppress...

Severe viral or bacterial infections can lead to sepsis and multiorgan dysfunction, these latter events even cause death. Multiple lines of evidence in the literature associate vitamin C with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant immunomodulatory actions. All biological effects make a potential treatment for prevention sepsis. In this article, we briefly summarize data supporting use as...

The outcome of sepsis and septic shock has not significantly improved in recent decades despite the development of numerous drugs and supportive care therapies. To reduce sepsis-related mortality, a better understanding of molecular mechanism(s) associated with the development of sepsis and sepsis-related organ injury is essential. There is increasing evidence that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) pl...

Sepsis is a complex inflammatory response to infection, associating with dramatic metabolic disorders. Although the mechanisms of immune response during sepsis have been largely clarified, current studies rarely pay attention to the disordered protein metabolism in sepsis. In this study, L6 rat skeletal muscle cells treated with serum from septic rats were used as an in vitro model for sepsis-l...

BACKGROUND Blood cultures, and molecular diagnostic tests that directly detect pathogen DNA in blood, fail to detect bloodstream infections in most infected patients. Thus, there is a need for a rapid test that can diagnose the presence of infection to triage patients, guide therapy, and decrease the incidence of sepsis. METHODS An Enzyme-Linked Lectin-Sorbent Assay (ELLecSA) that uses magnet...

Sepsis, characterized by a systemic inflammatory state that is usually related to Gram-negative bacterial infection, is a leading cause of death worldwide. Although the annual incidence of sepsis is still rising, the exact cause of Gram-negative bacteria-associated sepsis is not clear. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), constitutively secreted from Gram-negative bacteria, are nano-sized spherical ...

Analysis of gene expression microarray data for pathophysiology of sepsis is crucial for sepsis diagnosis and treatment. With several limitations of gene expression profiling experiment, statistically accurate simulated microarray datasets is an economical method for disease diagnosis. In this work, control and sepsis patient models are developed. This is done by incorporating the variation in ...

Accumulating evidences have demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) represents the important etiologic factor for sepsis. Some previous studies have reported the relationship between common polymorphisms rs4986790 and rs4986791 in the coding gene for this receptor and the susceptibility to sepsis, but there were distinct divergences between those findings. We therefore designed this meta-ana...

Sepsis is the leading cause of death for critically ill patients in recent years. Dendritic cells (DCs) are important antigen-presenting cells and play a key role in immune response by regulating the innate and adaptive immunity. The number of DCs, the differentiation of monocytes into DCs, and the levels of surface molecules associated with the function of DCs are changed in the development of...

Inadequate myocardial performance is a common complication of severe sepsis. Studies in humans strongly argue against a decrease in coronary blood flow in the pathogenesis of this sepsis-induced cardiac injury. Moreover, regional myocardial ischemia may well be present in sepsis patients with coexistent coronary artery disease. Nevertheless, the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia remains difficul...