the prophet’s political activities in medina indicate a particular kind of power exercise in the public domain. on the other hand, after receiving shari’a, he promulgated it and enforced the related verdicts and teachings among people. realization of these two facts in his behavior turns the relationship between power exercise by him and islamic shari’a into a basic question. the relationship b...

Coverage and capacity are important issues in the planning process for cellular Third Generation (3G) mobile networks. The planning process aims to allow the maximum number of users sending and receiving adequate signal strength in a cell. In this paper we present calculations for capacity, coverage for 3G networks.

Drivers of environmental change in one location can have profound effects on ecosystem services and human well-being in distant locations, often across international borders. The telecoupling provides a conceptual framework for describing these interactions—for example, locations can be defined as sending areas (sources of flows of ecosystem services, energy, or information) or receiving areas ...

Lateral inhibition, by which single cells become distinct from their neighbours, can be mediated by Notch signalling during animal development. Signalling directionality is presumably achieved by downregulation of the Notch ligand in signal-receiving cells. New evidence suggests that cis-inhibition of the receptor in the ligand-sending cell might also provide directionality.

Underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) are characterized by large energy consumption, limited power supply, low bit rate, and long propagation delay, as well spatial-temporal uncertainty, which present both challenges opportunities for media access control (MAC) protocol design. The time-division transmissions can effectively avoid collisions since different nodes transmit packets at period of time...