The ground validation of satellite-based precipitation products (SPPs) is very important for their hydroclimatic application. This study evaluated the performance assessment four soil moisture-based SPPs (SM2Rain, SM2Rain- ASCAT, SM2Rain-CCI, and GPM-SM2Rain). All data were compared with 64 weather stations in Pakistan from January 2005 to December 2020. estimations on daily, monthly, seasonal,...

Heat stress during flowering is a critical limitation for summer maize production. However, the incidence of heat varies with years and locations, it poses great risk to successful reproduction kernel setting. Therefore, essential provide sound quantification occurrence in relation growth development. Here, we analyzed characteristics based on climate data over 60 Huaibei Plain, China. The effe...

12.2 Biological Crusts of Arid Regions ............................. 346 12.2.1 Characteristic Species ................................................... 346 12.2.2 Taxonomic Problems in Describing Crust Cyanobacteria ...................................................... 347 12.2.3 Environmental Factors .................................................. 348 12.2.3.1 Light .......................

The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the primary results of the Semi-Arid Land–Surface–Atmosphere (SALSA) Program in the context of improvements to our overall understanding of hydrologic, ecologic, and atmospheric processes and their interactions in a semi-arid basin. The major findings and future research needs associated with the different core components of the program a...