Background "I think..." and "I believe..." are common expressions in daily life. However, it is still unknown the different cognitive processing underlying two sentences. The current study examined the difference between "think" and "believe" by using the self-reflection task in functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). In traditional self-reflection task, participants were asked to judge w...

Motivationally significant agendas guide perception, thought and behaviour, helping one to define a 'self' and to regulate interactions with the environment. To investigate neural correlates of thinking about such agendas, we asked participants to think about their hopes and aspirations (promotion focus) or their duties and obligations (prevention focus) during functional magnetic resonance ima...

The regulation of emotions is an ongoing internal process and often a challenge. Current related neural models concern the intended control of reactions towards external events, mediated by prefrontal cortex regions upon basal emotion processing as in the amygdala. Cognitive strategies to regulate emotions in the context of affective disorders or stress reduction, increasingly applied in clinic...

Reflection is an increasingly important feature in software systems as evidenced by introduction of datatype reflection abilities in Java, RTTI runtime type information reflection package for C++, and reflection service in .NET environment. Since systems being designed today are supposed to self-configure, self-heal and make a lot more intelligent decisions about itself, including versioning, f...

The present review of literature surveys two main issues related to self-referential processes: (1) Where in the brain are these processes located, and do they correlate with brain areas uniquely specialized in self-processing? (2) What are the empirical and theoretical links between inner speech and self-awareness? Although initial neuroimaging attempts tended to favor a right hemispheric view...

Are there plausible synchronic constraints on how a subject thinks of herself extended over time? At first glance, Bas van Fraassen’s principle of Reflection seems to prescribe the sort of epistemic authority one’s future self should be taken by one to have over one’s current epistemic states. (The gist of this principle is that I should now believe what I’m convinced I will believe tomorrow.) ...