BACKGROUND Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) efficacy is highly dependent on adherence. Yet, it is unclear which adherence measures perform best for PrEP. METHODS We compared three types of self-reported adherence questions (rating of ability to adhere, frequency of doses taken, percentage of doses taken) and three forms of objective adherence measurement [unannounced pill counts (UPC), electron...

Some researchers assume that employees' personality characteristics affect leniency in rating others and themselves. However, little research has investigated these two tendencies at the same time. In the present study we developed one index for other-rating leniency and another one for self-rating leniency. Based on a review of the literature, we hypothesized that a generous assessment of peer...

The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of a new self-rating scale to measure children's pubertal status without pictorial representations or interviews. The scale is an adaptation of an interview-based puberty-rating scale by Petersen, and included scores for each of five items rating physical development, an overall maturation measure, and a categorical maturation...

BACKGROUND A critical component that influences the measurement properties of a patient-reported outcome (PRO) instrument is the rating scale. Yet, there is a lack of general consensus regarding optimal rating scale format, including aspects of question structure, the number and the labels of response categories. This study aims to explore the characteristics of rating scales that function well...

background : patients undergoing pacemaker implantation often experience anxiety and fear. as such, studies have focused on the mechanisms that relieve the negative emotions caused by the intervention. continuous nursing is a safe and effective nursing mode. in this study, continuous nursing intervention was provided for elderly patients undergo-ing pacemaker implantation and an empirical inves...

The present study uses structural equation modeling to explore the structural relationship of child behavior type and its evaluation during dental treatment. The study population consisted of 33 children at their first visit to a pediatric dentist at the Dental Hospital of Tsurumi University. Child behavior was evaluated by the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale and the behavior evaluation scale deve...

AIM To investigate abnormalities in automatic information processing related to self- and observer-rated alexithymia, especially with regard to somatization, controlling for confounding variables such as depression and affect. SAMPLE 89 healthy subjects (60% female), aged 19-71 years (M = 32.1). 58 subjects were additionally rated by an observer. MEASURES Alexithymia (self-rating: TAS-20, o...

OBJECTIVE To study the information gained by extending a well-established instrument of dependence/independence in activities of daily living with a self-rating of difficulty, and to illustrate the relevance and usefulness of this combined approach with cross-national data. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS Cross-sectional survey study data collected with 1918 very old persons in 5 European countries. ME...

OBJECTIVE To test the association between self-rated health and self-rated degree of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME), and CFS/ME patients' assessment of quality of primary care, specialist care and coordination of care. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Self-reported questionnaire data from women members of The Norwegian ME Association obtained in 2013. PAR...

1 POPULÄRVETENSKAPLIG SAMMANFATTNING 2 ORIGINAL ARTICLES 3 ABBREVIATIONS 4 INTRODUCTION 5 Depression 5 Definition 5 Etiology 7 Diagnostics 8 Epidemiology 8 Global burden and costs 10 Co-morbidity 11 Recognizing depression in Primary care 12 Self-rating scales 12 Treating depression in Primary care 13 Beliefs about cause and treatment of depression 16 AIMS 18 METHODS 19 Papers I, III and IV 19 T...