In the era of high-resolution submillimeter interferometers, it will soon be possible to observe the neutral circumstellar medium directly involved in gas giant planet (GGP) formation at physical scales previously unattainable. In order to explore possible signatures of GGP formation via disk instabilities, we have combined a three-dimensional (3D), nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) radi...

Recent studies suggest that resonant absorption of sunlight by cloud droplets may constitute a significant and unaccounted-for solar energy sink in the atmosphere. We spectrally resolve, for the first time, all solar absorption, including sharp resonances, in typical liquid water clouds. Resolving all sharp resonances requires a resolution in size parameter χ = 2πr/λ (r—droplet radius, λ—incide...

We discuss the morphology and kinematics of five gigahertz-peaked spectrum (GPS) sources that have been observed with the VLBA. We find a wide range of observed properties including core-jet structure, superluminal motion, variability, extended structure, and polarization, all of which appear to deviate from commonlyaccepted GPS paradigms (e.g., O’Dea 1998). We suggest that the observed low fre...

The observation that PT-symmetric Hamiltonians can have real-valued energy levels even if they are non-Hermitian has triggered intense activities, with experiments, in particular, focusing on optical systems, where Hermiticity can be broken by absorption and amplification. For classical waves, absorption and amplification are related by time-reversal symmetry. This work shows that microreversib...

Self-absorption correction of LIBS spectra using the Planck function or equivalently plasma temperature.

Porphyrin-fluorene conjugates bridged by ethynylene were synthesized through Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction. These molecules showed strong nonlinear absorption when measured using a nanosecond Z-scan method. The largest effective two-photon absorption cross-section was observed for trisporphyrin as 2.7 × 105 GM at 760 nm, which was 10 times larger than that obtained for monoporphyrin. INT...

The closely related phenomena of dark states and electromagnetically induced transparency ~EIT! have greatly enriched the fields of nonlinear and quantum optics in recent years. Although these two processes produce similar effects, they have important distinctions. Atomic dark states @1,2# are coherent superpositions of the two lower levels in a threelevel lambda (L) system that are not coupled...

Self assembled quantum dots have shown a great promise as a leading candidate for infrared detection at room temperature. In this paper, a theoretical model of the absorption coefficient of quantum dot devices is presented. Both of bound to bound absorption and bound to continuum absorption are taken into consideration in this model. This model is based on the effective mass theory and the Non ...