Negative selectable markers are useful tools for forward-genetic screens aimed at identifying trans-acting factors that are required for expression of specific genes. Transgenic lines harbouring the marker fused to a gene element, such as a promoter, may be mutagenized to isolate loss-of-function mutants able to survive under selection. Such a strategy allows the molecular dissection of factors...

to determine the role of ddx3y gene in spermatogenesis and infertility in bulls, blood samples were collected from five infertile bulls (azoospermic; no sperm in the semen) at the animal breeding center in karaj, iran. the recommended human primers by eaa/eqmn were investigated using the blastn database for sts marker detection. alignment of sts marker genes with bovine genome was performed. pr...

lepidoteran pests of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) cause a severe yield reduction in the most sugar beet growing areas of the world as well as in iran. due to limited genetic resources of resistance to insect pest and polygenic inhertance, improvement of pest resistance in beet by conventional breeding is a difficult task. biotechnological enhancement by introducing insect resistance genes such...

An international collaborative project has been proposed to inactivate all mouse genes in embryonic stem (ES) cells using a combination of random and targeted insertional mutagenesis techniques. Random gene trapping will be the first choice in the initial phase, and gene-targeting experiments will then be carried out to individually knockout the remaining 'difficult-to-trap' genes. One of the m...

The development of selectable markers for transformation has been a major factor in the successful genetic manipulation of plants. A new selectable marker system has been developed based on bacterial gentamicin-3-N-acetyltransferases [AAC(3)]. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by acetylation. Two examples of AAC(3) enzymes have been manipulated to be expressed in plants. Chime...

Drosophila cells in culture can be transformed by introducing exogenous DNA carrying a selectable marker. Here we report on the fate of plasmids that contain an extended fragment of Drosophila DNA in addition to the selectable marker. A small minority of the resulting transformants appear to arise from homologous recombination at the chromosomal target. However, the majority of the insertions a...

We describe a series of CEN/ARS episomal plasmids containing different Candida glabrata promoters, allowing for a range of constitutive or regulated expression of proteins in C. glabrata. The set of promoters includes three constitutive promoters (EGD2pr, HHT2pr, PDC1pr), two macrophage/phagocytosis-induced promoters (ACO2pr, LYS21pr), and one nutritionally regulated promoter (MET3pr). Each pro...