The great rocking of building structures and the occurrence liquefaction in water-saturated soil on river banks are generally caused by earthquake shaking. waves generated main cause In order to show effect ground motion shaking response processes, it is necessary analyze structure as well time history artificial motions. An for analysis can be developed based spectral matching target spectrum ...

Abstract The goal of this paper is to review and critically discuss the philosophical aspects probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA). Given that estimates are typically riddled with uncertainty, different epistemic values (related pursuit scientific knowledge) compete in selection models, a context influenced by non-epistemic practical goals aims) as well. We first distinguish between typ...

Effective management and planning for sustainable urban regions’ development require up-to-date information. Natural hazard maps (NHMs) creation is critical development. Urban areas along the western coast of Saudi Arabia are susceptible to natural disasters due their sources’ proximity, especially, with lack preparation. Yanbu’ Al-Bahr, a major Red Sea port, provides an ex...