More than thirty years ago, Wind’s (1978) seminal review of research in market segmentation culminated with a research agenda for the subject area. The priorities included exploring the applicability of new segmentation bases across different products and contexts, developing more flexible data analysis techniques, creating new research designs and data collection approaches, developing new con...

introduction: the process of discriminating among benign and malignant hyperplasia begun with subjective methods using light microscopy and is now being continued with computerized morphometrical analysis requiring some features. one of the main features called volume percentage of stroma (vps) is obtained by calculating the percentage of stroma texture. currently, this feature is calculated by...

Image segmentation is a fundamental step in many of image processing applications. In most cases the image’s pixels are clustered only based on the pixels’ intensity or color information and neither spatial nor neighborhood information of pixels is used in the clustering process. Considering the importance of including spatial information of pixels which improves the quality of image segmentati...

Iris recognition is one of the most reliable methods for identification. In general, itconsists of image acquisition, iris segmentation, feature extraction and matching. Among them, iris segmentation has an important role on the performance of any iris recognition system. Eyes nonlinear movement, occlusion, and specular reflection are main challenges for any iris segmentation method. In thi...

Iris recognition is one of the most reliable methods for identification. In general, itconsists of image acquisition, iris segmentation, feature extraction and matching. Among them, iris segmentation has an important role on the performance of any iris recognition system. Eyes nonlinear movement, occlusion, and specular reflection are main challenges for any iris segmentation method. In thi...

diagnosis of corneal diseases is possible by measuring and evaluation of corneal thickness in different layers. thus, the need for precise segmentation of corneal layer boundaries is inevitable. obviously, manual segmentation is time‑consuming and imprecise. in this paper, the gaussian mixture model (gmm) is used for automatic segmentation of three clinically important corneal boundaries on opt...

Supply chain network design (SCND) is a challenging strategic issue for any company since it involves long-term decisions and high capital investment (see e.g. (Owen & Daskin, 1998) and (Melo, et al., 2009) for an overview of network design and facility location literature). Classical SCND problems include only forward flows, i.e. flows from suppliers to end customers. However, nowadays, many c...