Ever increasing data traffic and limited capacity are major causes for congestion in current cellular systems. This paper presents a new architecture for the next generation wireless systems based on the integration of the cellular infrastructure and modern Ad-hoc relaying technologies. The new architecture can efficiently balance traffic loads between cells by using Ad-hoc relay stations (ARS)...

Returns of an individual enterprise in the short term are usually measured through a gross margin budget, which is determined by subtracting factors such as the cost of weed control (both herbicide and non-herbicide) and other inputs (eg seed and fertiliser) from gross income (calculated as crop yield multiplied by grain price). Crop yield is directly influenced by weed density, which itself is...

Field tests were conducted to evaluate the effect of Spodoptera litura (Fab.) nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPVS) alone and in combination with endosulfan and neemarin (neem seed kernel extract) against S. litura in cabbage. Treatment with NPV-S (500 LE/ha) + Endosulfan (625 ml/ha) was better in reducing the larval population and increasing yield than other treatments. However, considering cost b...

This report describes the function binding algorithm in RTL synthesis. It describes the RTL design methodology and implement our function binding algorithms in our RTL design refine tool. We proposed two algorithms here, one algorithm is based on the clique partitioning algorithm and the other is based on the seed constructive based algorithm. Our algorithms are resource constraint algorithm an...

Heavy nitrogen (N) application to gain higher yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) resulted in increased production cost and environment pollution. How to diminish the N supply without losing yield and/or quality remains a challenge. To meet the challenge, we integrated and expressed a tobacco nitrate reductase gene (NR) in transgenic wheat. The 35S-NR gene was transferred into two winter cult...

We aim to compute radioactive stranded-implant displacement during and after prostate brachytherapy. We present the methods used to identify corresponding seeds in planned, intra-operative and postimplant patient data that enable us to compute seed displacements. A minimum cost network flow algorithm is used, on 8 patients, for needle track detection to group seeds into needles that can be matc...

It has been observed that in homology search gapped seeds have better sensitivity than ungapped ones for the same cost (weight). In this paper, we propose a probability leakage model (a dissipative Markov system) to elucidate the mechanism that confers power to spaced seeds. Based on this model, we identify desirable features of gapped search seeds and formulate an extremely efficient procedure...

India is among 23 nations where in a large population suffers from dental and skeletal flourosis due to high fluoride concentration in ground water. The prominent states, which are severely affected, are Andhrapradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. Fluoride beyond desirable amounts (0.6 to 1.5 mg/l) in ground water is a major problem in many parts of the world. Taking the se...

We present SurfCut, an algorithm for extracting a smooth simple surface with unknown boundary from a noisy 3D image and a seed point. In contrast to existing approaches that extract smooth simple surfaces with boundary, our method requires less user input, i.e., a seed point, rather than a 3D boundary curve. Our method is built on the novel observation that certain ridge curves of a front propa...

Activated carbon (AC) was prepared from Lapsi seed stone by chemical activation with Potassium hydroxide at 400°C. The AC was characterized by pH, moisture content, Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), methylene blue (MB) and iodine (I2) number. FT-IR spectra indicated the presence of various oxygen containing functional groups on the surface of AC...