The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anxiolytic effects of hydroalcoholic extract (HE) of Nepeta persica Boiss. (Lamiaceae) on the elevated plus-maze (EPM) model of anxiety. The extract of arial parts of the plant was administered intraperitoneally to male NMRI mice, at various doses, 30 min before behavioural evaluation. The HE extract of N. persica at the dose of 50 mg kg(-1) sign...

Separation of ten sedative- hypnotic drugs was performed by RP-HPLC using mixed micellar mobile phase. Effect of temperature, type and amount of organic modifier in mobile phase on efficiency (N) and asymmetry factor (B/A) showed that, the appropriate conditions for a good separation were 35°C and 7% (V/V) butanol in mobile phase.  Variations of selectivity factor versus butanol concent...

Dexmedetomidine was introduced two decades ago as a sedative and supplement to sedation in the intensive care unit for patients whose trachea was intubated. However, since that time dexmedetomidine has been commonly used as a sedative and hypnotic for patients undergoing procedures without the need for tracheal intubation. This review focuses on the application of dexmedetomidine as a sedative ...

We examined the effects of secobarbital and other sedative-hypnotic barbiturates on the neuronal death induced by exposure to excitatory amino acids or deprivation of oxygen or glucose in mouse cortical cell cultures. N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4- isoxazolepropionate, and kainate toxicities were attenuated in a concentration-dependent fashion by high concentrati...

Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome, also known as drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS), is a rare, acute and severe life-threatening systemic disease. DRESS syndrome is characterized by fever, lymphadenopathy, rash, hypereosinophilia and involvement of systemic organs. The most commonly implicated drugs are anticonvulsants, sulfonamides and allopurinol. ...

Methagoalone, a relatively new sedative hypnotic dmg in the United States, has unique prop& which make the handling of overdosage somewhat different from the stnndard procedures. We report the case of a 20-y&d woman who ingested a large quantity of the drug and required ambat ion and artificial ventilation during the c o w of her recovery. The paper recounts the &tells of thb treatxwnt and revi...

This study was performed to investigate the sedative-hypnotic activity of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-enriched fermented marine organisms (FMO), including sea tangle (FST) and oyster (FO) by Lactobacillus brevis BJ20 (L. brevis BJ20). FST and FO were tested for their binding activity of the GABAA-benzodiazepine and 5-HT2C receptors, which are well-known molecular targets for sleep aids. We also ...

Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) is produced by the process of fermentation whereby plant sugars are converted to ethanol by yeast. Products of fermentation include mead from honey, wine from grapes, sake from rice, and beer from grains. Fermented products can also be distilled, for example when whisky is distilled from grains (Herbst and Herbst, 2003). The history of voluntary ethanol use by humans dat...

Here, we map a quantitative trait locus (QTL) with a large effect on predisposition to barbiturate (pentobarbital) withdrawal to a 0.44 Mb interval of mouse chromosome 1 syntenic with human 1q23.2. We report a detailed analysis of the genes within this interval and show that it contains 15 known and predicted genes, 12 of which demonstrate validated genotype-dependent transcript expression and/...

Zolpidem belongs to a new class of hypnotic agents, chemically distinct from the pre-existing ones, and has a unique neuropharmacological profile. It induces sedative/hypnotic effects in rodents at doses much lower than those for anticonvulsant and myorelaxant activities. Clinically, zolpidem is indicated for the short term treatment of insomnia. It has a short half-life (2.4h), with no active ...