The display of full-length antibody on the cell surface was achieved by fusing a transmembrane domain of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) to the C-terminus of the heavy chain constant region. We also incorporated a furin cleavage site between the constant region and PDGFR transmembrane domain to obtain secreted antibodies. As a result, antibodies can be expressed simultaneous...

Hephaestin is a large membrane-anchored multicopper ferroxidase involved in mammalian iron metabolism. Newly absorbed dietary iron is exported across the enterocyte basolateral membrane by the ferrous iron transporter ferroportin, but hephaestin increases the efficiency of this process by oxidizing the transported iron to its ferric form and promoting its release from ferroportin. Deletion or m...

tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (trail), a member of tnf family, is an interesting ligand which selectively induces apoptosis in tumor cells and, therefore, it has been developed for cancer therapy. this ligand has been produced by various hosts such as e.coli. however, protein expression in e.coli cytoplasm leads to problems such as incorrect folding, reduction in biolo...

background: keratinocyte growth factor (kgf) is a potent epithelial mitogen that acts by binding the kgf receptors (kgfrs) expressed on epithelial cells and regulates proliferation and differentiation. the objective of this study was to investigate the expression of kgf in the epithelium in oral precancer. materials and methods: archival tissues of oral submucous fibrosis (smf) and leukoplakia ...

Anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) is a cancer-associated secreted protein found predominantly in adenocarcinomas. Given its ubiquity in solid tumors, cancer-secreted AGR2 could be a useful biomarker in urine or blood for early detection. However, normal organs express and might also secrete AGR2, which would impact its utility as a cancer biomarker. Uniform AGR2 expression is found in the normal bladd...

objective(s):  being secreted by the pineal gland, melatonin induces cell proliferation in normal cells and induced apoptosis in cancer cells. the purpose of this study was to investigate effects of melatonin on main components and the expression of apoptotic genes in vitrified-thawed testicular germ cells of 6- day–old mice.  materials and methods: testes of neonate balb/c mice were vitrified-...

background: tuberculosis is a disease with high morbidity, caused mainly by mycobaterium tuberculosis (m.tb.). dna vaccines show a promising future due to their unique advantages over conventional methods. the early-secreted antigen target (esat)-6 and culture filtrate protein (cfp)-10 of m.tb. antigens have been identified as vaccine candidates against mycobacteria and used as subunit vaccines...

background and objectives: secreted aspartyl proteinase (sap) is one of the main virulence factors in the pathogenesis of candida. this enzyme is encoded by a family of at least ten genes. among these genes, the role of sap1-3 in mucosal infections is evident. this study aimed to investigate the expression of sap1-3 genes of candida albicans isolates after treatmentwith echinophora platyloba ex...

protein secretory systems are found in all living organisms including gram negative bacteria, and eukaryotic cell’s organelles that are derived from these bacteria. unlike all other living organisms, gram negative bacteria have different protein secretory systems. at least there are four different independent secretory systems, which are responsible to transport the secreted proteins to the mil...