BACKGROUND Impaired bone quality is associated with poor outcome of spinal surgery. The aim of the study was to assess the bone mineral status of patients scheduled to undergo spinal surgery and to report frequencies of bone mineral disorders. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the bone mineral status of 144 patients requiring spinal surgery including bone mineral density by dual-energy X-ra...

In this work, a bench-scale process was developed using mineral-processing methods to recover iron from a placer deposit located in Bardaskan, Khorasan-e-Razavi, Iran. The mineralogical studies were performed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Electron Probe Micro-Analyzer (EPMA), and an optical microscope. These studies indicated that titanomagnetite, magnetite, and hematite...

Diseases of the bone are becoming increasingly prevalent. Persons with epilepsy treated with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are at greater risk as evidenced by changes in bone turnover, osteoporosis, alterations in bone quality, and fracture. Biochemical indices of bone and mineral metabolism including calcium, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and bone turnover markers can be affected. AED exposure ...

The purpose of the Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program was to provide scientifically founded information on the chemical and physical properties of dust collected over a period of approximately 1 year in Djibouti, Afghanistan (Bagram, Khowst), Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Iraq (Balad, Baghdad, Tallil, Tikrit, Taji, Al Asad), and Kuwait (northern, central, coastal, and southern regi...

This research sought to create an animal model of secondary hyperparathyroidism through continuous infusion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in adult female mice, and to subsequently study the catabolic effects of PTH. Osmotic pumps were implanted subcutaneously and infused either vehicle, 40 pg/kg/day of PTH or 80 pg/kg/day of PTH for either 2 week or 4 week duration. Total body bone mineral densi...

BACKGROUND Essential nutrients are considered for the prevention of the bone loss that occurs after bariatric surgery. AIM Evaluate nutrients involved in bone metabolism, and relate to serum concentrations of calcium, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone, and the use of supplements and sun exposure on the bone mass of patients who had undergone gastric bypass surgery. METHODS An observational...

Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) originated in materials science and has transferred to biomineral research providing insight into fossil and modern biominerals. An electron microscopy technique, EBSD requires a fine polished sample surface where the electron beam diffracts in the first few lattice layers, identifying mineral, polymorph and crystallographic orientation. The technique is ...

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery leads to bone loss in humans, which may be caused by vitamin D and calcium malabsorption and subsequent secondary hyperparathyroidism. However, because these conditions occur frequently in obese people, it is unclear whether they are the primary causes of bone loss after RYGB. To determine the contribution of calcium and vitamin D malabsorption to bone lo...

Rodriguez, Mariano, Edward Nemeth, and David Martin. The calcium-sensing receptor: a key factor in the pathogenesis of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 288: F253– F264, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00302.2004.—Serum calcium levels are regulated by the action of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Major drivers of PTH hypersecretion and parathyroid cell proliferation are the hypoca...