aflatoxins are secondary toxic metabolites produced by some aspergillus spp. particularly, aspergillus flavus and a. parasiticus that contaminate food and feed. the objective of this study was to evaluate the contamination of feedstuffs with aspergillus spp. and detect genes involved in the aflatoxin biosynthesis pathway of a. flavus and a. parasiticus isolates. a total of 110 cow feed samples ...

Lately Revealed by Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) the association of TCF7L2 and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) which implicates underlying mechanism of this Wingless (WNT) pathway effector gene in pancreatic ß-cell development. Also, further research linking TCF7L2 to T2D and impaired ß-cell mass accomplished by insulin secretory malfunction, shed light on the regulatory function of this particu...

Thickening of tree stems is the result of secondary growth, accomplished by the meristematic activity of the vascular cambium. Secondary growth of the stem entails developmental cascades resulting in the formation of secondary phloem outwards and secondary xylem (i.e., wood) inwards of the stem. Signaling and transcriptional reprogramming by the phytohormone ethylene modifies cambial growth and...

Prostate cancer is a devastating disease for which current therapies are inadequate. Various lines of evidences have suggested the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) pathway and the leukotriene receptor pathway are potential targets for prevention or treatment of Prostate cancer. Thus, search for new anti-cancer drugs targeting 5-LOX and leukotriene is very essential and important. The objective of the pre...

objective(s): this study focused on determining cytotoxic effects of copper oxide nanoparticles (cuo nps) on chronic myeloid leukemia (cml) k562 cell line in a cell-specific manner and its possible mechanism of cell death. we investigated the cytotoxicity of cuo nps against k562 cell line (cancerous cell) and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (normal cell). materials and methods: the toxicity w...

Activation of the NF-kB pathway mediates apoptotic cell death human stem cells during interspecies competition.

Development of long-term humoral immunity, characterized by the formation of long-lived plasma cells (PCs) in the bone marrow and memory B cells, is a critical component of protective immunity to pathogens, and as such it is the major goal of vaccination. However, the mechanisms involved in the generation of long-term humoral immunity remain poorly understood. In this study, we used IL-21R-defi...

Introduction: Hormesis and adaptive responses are two important biological effects of low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) in organism and mammalian cell lines. Notably, LDIR generates distinct biological effects in cancer cells from normal cells, e.g., it may affect the growth of cancer cells via the activation of certain cell signaling pathway, which does not exist in normal ...

Introduction Regulation of the secretory pathway by signalling ER export is regulated by signalling Modification of ER chaperones Modulation of COPII recruitment Lipid modification Signalling regulates the functional organisation of the Golgi complex PKD and PtdIns(4)P p38 PKA Signalling during directional cell migration Signalling from the secretory pathway A role for the ER in the compartment...