نتایج جستجو برای: second quantization
تعداد نتایج: 637907 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Given a constant of motion for the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator with linear dissipation in the velocity, the problem to get the Hamiltonian for this system is pointed out, and the quantization up to second order in the perturbation approach is used to determine the modification on the eigenvalues when dissipation is taken into consideration. This quantization is realized using the consta...
Quantization is, most broadly, the process of forming a quantum mechanical system starting from a classical mechanical one. See (Be) for an early attempt to obtain a general definition of quantization. (AbM) also provides an introductory account of the subject. There are various methods of quantization; see (BW) for a general introduction to the geometry of quantization, and a specific geometri...
The electromagnetic field is quantized in nonlinear media whose dielectric functions and nonlinear susceptibilities may vary with space. Given the dielectric function and nonlinear susceptibilities, the Hamiltonian of the electromagnetic field is determined completely by this quantization method. From Heisenberg equations we prove that Maxwell’s equations are satisfied for the field operators. ...
This paper is devoted to the quantization of the second-ilk superparticle using the Batalin-Vilkovisky method. We show the full structure of the master action. By imposing gauge conditions on the gauge fields rather than on coordinates we find a gauge-fixed quantum action which is free. The structure of the BRST charge is exhibited, and the BRST cohomology yields the same physical spectrum as t...
in this paper a wavelet-based logo watermarking scheme is presented. the logo watermark is embedded into all sub-blocks of the lln sub-band of the transformed host image, using quantization technique. extracted logos from all sub-blocks are merged to make the extracted watermark from distorted watermarked image. knowing the quantization step-size, dimensions of logo and the level of wavelet tra...
Covariant quantization of the Nambu-Goto spinning particle in 2+1-dimensions is studied. The model is relevant in the context of recent activities in non-commutative space-time. From a technical point of view also covariant quantization of the model poses an interesting problem: the set of second class constraints (in the Dirac classification scheme) is reducible. The reducibility problem is an...
In this work we study the topic of high-resolution adaptive sampling of a given deterministic signal and establish a clear connection to classic analyses of high-rate quantization. More specifically, we formulate solutions to the task of optimal high-resolution sampling of one-dimensional signals, which are shown as the counterparts of well-known results for high-rate scalar quantization. Our r...
Rules of quantization and equations of motion for a finite-dimensional formulation of quantum field theory are proposed which fulfill the following properties: (a) Both the rules of quantization and the equations of motion are covariant; (b) the equations of evolution are second order in derivatives and first order in derivatives of the spacetime coordinates; and (c) these rules of quantization...
This paper proposes a novel implementation of the core processors, intra prediction, the integer transform, quantization, inverse quantization and inverse transformation for H.264 Video Encoder using an FPGA. It is capable of processing video frames with the desired compression controlled by the user input. The algorithm and architecture of the core modules of the video encoder namely, horizont...
A modification of the canonical quantization procedure for systems with time-dependent second-class constraints is discussed and applied to the quantization of the relativistic particle in a plane wave. The time dependence of constraints appears in the problem in two ways. The Lagrangian depends on time explicitly by origin, and a special time-dependent gauge is used. Two possible approaches to...
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